ZnO纳米颗粒的自组装及多孔纳米固体的研制

利用溶剂热压方法, 以ZnO纳米颗粒和不同种类的溶剂为原料, 制备了介于纳米粉体和纳米陶瓷体之间的过渡态——体块ZnO多孔纳米固体, 并研究了水热热压条件下ZnO纳米颗粒的自组装行为. 实验结果表明: 当水在ZnO纳米颗粒间分布不均匀时, 在水较多的区域, ZnO纳米颗粒会溶解到高温高压下的水中. 温度升高水汽化并从固体中逸出时, ZnO纳米颗粒经历自组装过程而形成一些“纳米花朵”(nanoflowers), 并且这种自组装行为对于样品的光致发光性质有很大影响; 相反, 如果水在纳米颗粒之间均匀分布, 则可以得到ZnO多孔纳米固体, 而且其孔径比较均匀. 另外, 实验结果还表明, 通过改变溶剂的种类、热压温度和压力, 可以在一定程度上控制ZnO多孔纳米固体的孔径及孔容. 热分析结果显示, 这样制备的ZnO多孔纳米固体具有较高的热稳定性.     

Growth of Magnetite Nanoparticles under Magnetic Fields

1 Introduction Over the past several years, the preparation and characterization ofnanoscale magnetic materials, especially one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, have attracted much attention as the nanomaterials would allow investigating the fundamental aspects of magnetic-ordering phenomena in magnetic materials with reduced dimensions and could lead to new potential applications such as data storage technology[1-6].     

染料敏化太阳能电池中聚合物电解质的优化

用纳晶TiO₂及离子液体1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘盐两种功能添加剂对PEO聚合物准固态电解质进行优化, 提高了电池的光电性能. 用(PEO)₈︰LiI︰TiO₂︰IE︰I₂ = 3︰3︰3︰7︰1(摩尔比)的电解质组装电池, 在100 mW/cm²光强下电池光电转换效率达到3.2%, 与无功能添加剂的电解质相比, 光电转换效率提高8倍. 电解质体系的电导率研究表明, 电池光电性能的提高与体系电导率的增大密切相关.     

原位颗粒含量对半固态7075铝合金组织的影响

制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的喷射沉积7075铝合金,在610℃和620℃进行二次加热并保温30min,淬火固定半固态组织.采用扫描电镜观察其组织,利用平均截线法统计其晶粒尺寸,分析不同颗粒含量对喷射沉积7075铝合金半固态组织的影响规律.结果表明:当TiC颗粒含量达到2.91%(体积分数)时已经产生良好的钉扎效果,使得合金基本保持喷射沉积组织特征,能够满足后续的半固态成形工艺要求;TiC颗粒含量超过2.91%后,晶粒尺寸会进一步减小,但晶界上的颗粒明显增多并呈网状分布;TiC颗粒含量小于2.91%时,局部区域发生晶粒的异常长大现象,使合金组织的均匀化程度下降.     

Development of the CAS-IBB single-particle microbeam for localized irradiation of living cells

A single-particle microbeam facility has been constructed at the Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering (LIBB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The system was designed to deliver a defined numbers of hydrogen ions, produced by a van de Graaff accelerator, in an energy range of 2.0-3.0 MeV, into an area smaller than that of the nucleus of an individual living cell. The beam is collimated by a borosilicate glass capillary that forms the beam-line exit. An integrated computer program recognizes the cells and locates them one by one over the microbeam exit for irradiation. We present technical details of the CAS-LIBB microbeam facility, particularly on the collimator, hardware, control program, as well as cell irradiation protocols available. Various factors contributing to the targeting and positioning precision are discussed along with accuracy measurement results.     

好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化处理养殖废水及N2O释放特性

好氧颗粒污泥可通过特殊的厌/好氧空间结构实现短程硝化,而短程硝化和好氧颗粒结构都可能导致温室气体N₂O释放.试验研究了处理养殖废水过程中好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化性能,及利用微电极探针定量分析N₂O过程释放特性.稳定运行期间,COD与氨氮平均去除率分别为76.8%和94.4%,短程硝化效率可达88.9%.根据微电极探针和气相色谱分析结果,好氧颗粒污泥系统厌氧和好氧阶段N₂O生成量分别占46.4%和53.6%,但短程硝化系统的N₂O释放主要来源于曝气吹脱作用;系统内N₂O中氮的释放量占进水氮的比例为2.1%,好氧颗粒污泥并未显著强化N₂O释放.     

CO adsorption on electrode of Pt nanoparticles investigated by cyclic voltammetry and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> FTIR spectroscopy

Pt nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method.The average diameter of Pt nanoparticles was determined to be 2.5nm by TEM.The electrochemical propertis of Pt nanoparticles were studied by cyclic voltammetry,In comparison with massive Pt,the oxidation current peak of CO adsorbed on Pt nanoparticles in broader.Twin adsorbates of CO on Pt nanoparticles were determined by in situ FTIRS for the first time.It has revealed that the linear and twin-bonded CO can be converted into bridge-bonded CO with the variation of electrode potential.A series of special properties of Pt nanoparticles,such as enhanced IR absorption of CO adsorbates,were also observed.     

不同粉磨工艺水泥的颗粒、矿物组成分布及性能

研究了采用不同粉磨工艺制备的水泥的颗粒分布及矿物组成分布对水泥与混凝土物理性能的影响．研究结果表明：水泥颗粒分布与粉磨设备条件及工艺参数密切相关,选用高效选粉机,增大循环负荷及控制适当的比表面积,可获得较窄的颗粒分布;由于C3S易磨性较好,易富集于水泥细颗粒中,通过提高水泥颗粒的集中程度及适当增大比表面积,可有效地把熟料中的C3S富集于30μm以下的水泥颗粒中;当水泥熟料质量、混合材质量、水泥比表面积控制水平较接近,水泥颗粒分布集中(主要集中在5～30μm范围)时,水泥的标准稠度需水量较大,凝结时间较长,1d强度较低,但3d,28d抗压强度较高,在混凝土中则表现为新拌混凝土泌水较严重,1d抗压强度偏低,3d．28d抗压强度增幅较大．     

用油包水型微乳液法制备超细硫酸钡颗粒

纳米颗粒的制备是一个重要的纳米技术。利用油包水型微乳液法成功制备了硫酸钡纳米颗粒。研究了表面活性剂种类、表面活性剂用量、反应物浓度对超细颗粒大小的影响。实验结果表明:微乳液法制备的纳米颗粒直径大约都在10～90nm之间,且分布窄,单分散性好。实验发现:使用TritonX-100(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)做表面活性剂比Tween80(聚环氧乙烷失水山梨醇单油酸酯)和Span80(失水山梨醇单油酸酯)合适;而且随着表面活性剂用量增加,超细硫酸钡直径变小,但随着反应物浓度的上升颗粒直径增大。最适工艺条件为:55mL环己烷/30mLTritonX-100/15mL正己醇/10mL0.1mol/L氯化钡溶液。     

粘连颗粒分割的中心核提取方法研究

在图像处理中的粘连颗粒分割方法研究中,获得各个颗粒中心核是分割的基础和关键,极限腐蚀是现有提取中心核的主要方法．通过讨论颗粒粘连程度的不同情况,对极限腐蚀所造成过分割的原因进行了分析研究,提出一种基于局部距离值比较的中心核提取方法,该方法以腐蚀运算得到的距离值为基础,充分考虑与周围颗粒粘连情况,通过在局部区域内判断是否存在大于该距离值的点来定位中心核．颗粒图像分割实验结果表明,该方法消除了极限腐蚀所造成的过分割．