宇宙中最热的……

探寻宇宙中最热场所的旅程一定要从我们太阳系的炽热中心——太阳开始。表面温度为5 800K的太阳与宇宙中众多热源相比仍是个小角色。蓝超巨星,其巨大质量挤压着核心提供内部核火,温度高达5万K以上。白矮星是类似太阳的恒星在其生命     

Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing—Comparative Judging of Body Sections＇ Cold Sensitivity Sequence

Skin seasitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new psychological ＆ physical researching method, the subjective psychological perception of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulus are studied, and with Thurstone comparative judgement the main human body sections＇ cold sensitivity sequences are obtained. Furthermore the physiological causes for skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing are suggested.     

某型超临界机翼的临界温度分析

本文首先给出了临界温度的计算方法,对影响临界温度的因素进行了分析,表明压力系数是临界温度的决定性因素,最小压力系数处临界温度最大;其次计算了某型超临界机翼不同截面不同飞行状态下的临界温度,即使外界大气温度高于0℃在一定飞行状态下机翼特定位置已开始结冰;最后讨论了临界温度分析在主导式结冰探测系统验证上的应用。     

Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to zonal perturbations of sea surface temperature: A cloud-resolving modeling study

The cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to zonal perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by analyzing the equilibrium simulation data (from day 31–40) obtained from a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations with a zonal model domain of 768 km. Four experiments imposed by zonal SST perturbations of wavenumbers 1 (SST29Z1), 2 (SST29Z2), 4 (SST29Z4), and 8 (SST29Z8) are compared to the control experiment imposed by zonally uniform SST (SST29). The model domain mean SST is 29 C, and the two-dimensional cloud-resolving model with a cyclic lateral boundary is also imposed by zero vertical velocity and constant zonal wind. The time and model domain mean surface rain rates in SST29Z1, SST29Z2, and SST29Z8 are about 10% larger than those in SST29, whereas the mean surface rain rates in SST29Z4 and SST29 are similar. The analysis of mean surface rainfall budgets shows that local water vapor and hydrometeor changes play important roles in determining the differences and similarities in mean surface rain rate between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment. Both convective and stratiform rain rates are larger in SST29Z1 and SST29Z2 than in SST29 due to the smaller advection of rain from convective regions into raining stratiform regions and the larger vapor condensation rates associated with the larger water vapor convergence over raining stratiform regions in SST29Z1 and SST29Z2. The convective rain rates are larger in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8 than in SST29 because of the larger condensation rates associated with the larger water vapor convergence over convective regions in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8. The stratiform rain rates in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8 are smaller than in SST29 due to the smaller vapor condensation rates and smaller collection rates of cloud water by rain over raining stratiform regions in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8.     

Decadal change of the East Asian summer monsoon and its related surface temperature in Asia-Pacific during 1880–2004

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its related change of surface temperature in the past century were not clearly ad- dressed due to absence of atmospheric reanalysis data before 1948. On the benchmark of station-observed sea level pressure （SLP） in China, we utilized multiple SLP datasets and evaluated their qualities in measuring the SLP-based EASM index （EASMI）. It is found that the EASMI based on the SLP of the Hadley center version 2 （HadSLP2） has shown the best performance on the inter- annual and decadal time scales. Instead of showing a linear weakening trend pointed out by the previous study, the EASMI has likely exhibited the decadal variability, characterized by weakened trends during 1880-1906, 1921-1936, and 1960-2004, and with enhanced trends during 1906-1921 and 1936-1960, respectively. Corresponding to the weakened and enhanced periods of EASMI since the 1920s, the surface air temperature （SAT） index （SATI） averaged in eastern China has likely shown a warming and a cooling trend, respectively. However, the decadal abrupt transitions between the two indices do not occur concurrently, which results in a weak correlation between two indices on the decadal time scale. Further analysis indicates that there are four key regions where the SAT is significantly correlated with the EASMI, suggesting the joint impact of surface temperature in Asia-Pacific on the EASM during 1880-2004. In which, the decadal change of SAT near the Lake Baikal plays an important role in the linear trends of the EASM before and after 1960.     

遥远天边地球有“远亲”

数年前当彼得·沃德和唐纳德·布朗利合著写下《稀奇的地球》之时,也正是学术界激辩地球是否是宇宙间唯一生命载体之时,两人用当时所能掌握的科学理论,通过定量、定性的研究,再加上大量确凿的实践证据,给这场辩论画上了一个逗号。他们在著作中指出,生命的存在是个偶然,地球的温度海洋、地外条件太过独特,别的星球难以"仿制",因而地球和人类成了宇宙间的孤独者。     

开普勒发现最小宜居类地行星 表面温度为温和的22摄氏度

[科技日报]据英国《新科学家》网站12月5日报道,美国开普勒望远镜研究团队的天文学家们在美国国家航空航天局(NASA)埃姆斯研究中心的开普勒科学会议上表示,他们使用开普勒望远镜,在一个类日恒星的宜居带(能为生命提供最好的生存环境)内发现了迄今探测到的     

地板辐射供暖设计探讨

指出了低温热水地板辐射供暖在通常设计过程中出现的问题,设计规范中的矛盾和不足,给出了解决的方法供设计者探讨。     

边值传热反问题误差评估的正则化仿真模型

传热反问题数值解误差的准确评估一直是制约它应用于工业测量的一个难点.以淬火测试探头冷却过程的非稳态一维线性传热反问题为例,以位于探头中心热电偶所测的温度数据为基础,通过引入正则化参数,抑制了反问题对测量误差的放大作用,根据特殊情况下的非级数形式的解析解, 建立了数值解计算误差评估的正则化仿真模型.仿真实验获得了模型的最优正则参数,提高了反问题数值解误差评估的准确性,验证了该模型的有效性.     

精密箔式铂电阻表面温度传感器

本文提出了一种新型箔式铂电阻表面温度传感器。该传感器采用特种陶瓷氧化铍作基片,体积小,灵敞度高,性能稳定,可用于精确测量金属表面温度。文中还讨论了传感器的安装、使用及标定方法。