科技史新书目·2011年中国大陆(1)

本专栏专门刊登国内外新近出版的科学技术史书目信息,以飨读者。欢迎出版社或编著者提供新书信息惠赠样书,以便存目;欢迎海内外学界同仁撰写书评书介。本期特约国内收藏科技史文献最丰富的专业图书馆——中国科学院自然科学史研究所图书馆提供2011年中国大陆出版书目信息,此期先刊登综合类书目,各学科史书目见2期。     

《相变材料与相变储能技术》

著者:张仁元等书号:978-7-03-022917-5出版:科学出版社2009年1月定价:95元该书论述了材料相变的原理和材料热力学的基础理论,全面介绍了     

创意改变生活——《创意为王：中国创意产业案例典藏》日前出版

本刊讯科学出版社创意经济系列新作——《创意为王:中国创意产业案例典藏》于日前正式出版。随着创意经济时代的来临,创意产业作为一种新兴的产业形态在我国已受到来自政府、产业界、学术界以及普通大众越来     

我校理科学报被引频次首次突破1000，文、理、网三学报在全球网上访问量达59万次

日前，由科学出版社出版的最新版《中国学术期刊综合引证报告》（2007版）显示：《西北大学学报》（自然科学版）的年度总被引频次首次突破1000，达到1020次，在全国综合性大学自然科学学报总被引频次排序中名列第10位。     

宇宙真是诞生自“无”吗?

宇宙虽然浩瀚无涯,也应该有一个开端。那么,在宇宙开始的一瞬间究竟发生过什么事情呢?物理学家对此有种种猜测。广义相对论和量子论是现代物理学的两大支柱理论,早庄20世纪80年代,就有物理学家利用这两个理论认真推测过庄宇宙诞生的那一瞬间所发生的事情。     

评《相图的边界理论及其应用》

由赵慕愚与宋利珠合著的《相图的边界理论及其应用》作为“21世纪科学版化学专著系列”之一已由科学出版社出版了．这本书是赵慕愚教授20多年学术研究成果的重要结晶．     

Application of computed tomography in paleoanthropological research

Hominin fossils are the most important materials for exploring questions about human origins and evolution. Because human fossils are very rare, it is impossible to use highly destructive techniques in order to study their morphology. Traditional analyses can only rely on the information gained from the study of the external morphology of specimens, and these approaches limited the study of human evolution. The application of computed tomography (CT) has facilitated major developments in paleoanthropology. To date, few studies on Chinese hominin fossils have used CT scanning methodology, but this is rapidly changing. In order to better understand the application of CT methodology in paleoanthropology, we review the applications of CT scanning on hominin fossils throughout the world. Studies examined include virtual fossil reconstruction, the use of endocasts to elucidate brain morphology, biomechanical analyses of bone distribution, imaging of mummies and research on early human health, and skeletal and dental microanatomical research.     

Estimating the mixing matrix by using less sparsity

In this paper, the nonlinear projection and column masking (NPCM) algorithm is proposed to estimate the mixing matrix for blind source separation. It preserves the samples which are close to the interested direction while suppressing the rest. Compared with the existing approaches, NPCM works efficiently even if the sources are less sparse (i.e., they are not strictly sparse). Finally, we show that NPCM provides considerably accurate estimation of the mixing matrix by simulations.     

Vaterite or aragonite observed in the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls from South China

A prismatic layer is present in both freshwater-cultured pearls and seawater-cultured pearls. The phase structure of the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls is investigated for the first time and novel findings are reported in this paper. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and micro-infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystallized layers of high and low-quality freshwater-cultured pearls. Results show that there is no calcite in the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls, which is different from what was found for seawater-cultured pearls. We found that an aragonite phase was present in the prismatic layer of high-quality freshwater-cultured pearls and that a vaterite or aragonite phase was present in low-quality pearls. Based on this study an internal factor that influences the quality of freshwater-cultured pearls is discussed.