华北陆台北缘东段“小壳化石”的研究

近年来,华北陆台北缘发现了分布近2000km长“小壳化石带”的报道,在我国北方地学界引起了激烈的争论。尽管古生物学家对其是否可称为小壳,或是否化石还有不     

古代深海遗迹化石群落在沉积学中的应用

古代深海沉积,尤其是巨厚浊各岩系和复理石相均伴生着极丰富的遗迹化石,这些遗迹群落则成为恢复沉积环境和重建古地理格局的有效标示。重点阐述：（１）深海环境遗迹化石形成的特殊性及其组合特征,进而确认浅水和深水遗迹群落共生于一个沉积序列是判识浊流沉积层序的古遗迹学标志：（２）利用遗迹化石恢复古海水深度,含氧状况和沉积速度等环境指标的思路和方法;（３）深海遗亦相在环境解释中的作用和意义。     

古人点燃全球升温之火

早在工厂及世界化石燃料市场出现之前很久,人类就已经开始向大气排放二氧化碳。这个新结论是以冻结在南极冰块中的远古空气样本作为基础而得出的。在有两千年历史的冰芯中,气泡中竟奇迹般地含有高浓度的二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体。其中,大量甲烷中所含有的碳同位素,跟木头、     

An early cretaceous<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ginkgo</Emphasis> ovule-bearing organ fossil from Liaoning,Northeast China and its evolutionary implications

Ginkgo is a very important gymnospermous genus that has only one surviving species, Ginkgo biloba L. As a so-called “living fossil“, wild Ginkgo was found only in China, but it once flourished well and had a world-wide distribution in the Mesozoic. The earliest Ginkgo has been known from the Middle Jurassic, based on ovule-bearin gorgans. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, Ginkgo was one of the dominant gymnosperms in floras and possibly one of the coal-forming plants in North China. During the Early Tertiary, it reduced to a circumpolar distribution in the North Hemisphere; only a few reported from the South Hemisphere. From the Pliocene onwards, the Ginkgoales has been represented by the extant monotypic “living fossil“ Ginkgo biloba.     

Palaeogene fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Furthermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different environments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid climatic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lattudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of features. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present discovery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

古生物学研究的新成果--中国古生物志与中国各门类化石编研

简要介绍了国家科技基础性工作专项"中国古生物志与中国各门类化石编研"项目取得的主要成果.     

三部科技史著作入选“郭沫若中国历史学奖”

日前，第三届郭沫若中国历史学奖评奖结果揭晓，共有三部科技史著作获得这一奖项，它们是：席泽宗院士主编的《中国科学技术史》（科学思想卷）获得二等奖；周魁一撰写的《中国科学技术史》（水利卷）获三等奖；田淼撰写的《中国数学的西化历程》获得提名奖。此外，由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所已故院士吴汝康任第一主编的古人类研究成果《南京直立人》也获得了三等奖。     

南京市大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的污染趋势

对南京市2001年、2002年、2004年以及2005年夏季和冬季所采集到34个PM10和64个PM2.5样品中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析,结果表明,南京市大气气溶胶PAHs污染有加重的趋势,且冬季大气中PAHs的污染比夏季严重.通过一些特征标志PAHs的比值,初步判定PAHs主要来自于化石燃料的污染,没有新的污染源加入.FLA/Py比值判定表明南京的大气污染形式由煤烟型和油型燃烧相结合的污染方式转为油型为主的污染形式的趋势.     

“新能源热”下的忧思

风能、太阳能和其他非化石能源虽然重要,但就中国的节能减排工作而言,更重要和更紧迫的是做好大力发展水电、继续大幅度提高常规能源利用效率。