冷却牛肉贮运期影响其微生物特性的因素研究

探讨了冷却牛肉贮运流通过程中不同温度条件、包装袋选择、气调配方、保鲜剂等因素对产品微生物特性的影响.结果表明:温度是影响冷却牛肉保鲜期最重要的因素,而在低温控制条件下采用气调包装或真空包装,可显著抑制微生物生长,延长冷却牛肉保鲜期;保鲜剂在一定程度上可抑制不利微生物的生长,但对冷却牛肉保鲜期的延长效果不是特别显著,而具体应用还会受到成本提高及应用不便等的影响.     

西瓜主要病害的发生规律与防治对策

西瓜病虫害种类多,危害重,尤其是病害,容易影响西瓜的产量和品质,降低商品价值,严重影响瓜农的收入。控制西瓜病害,尤其是真菌性病害是提高西瓜产量和品质的关键,更是保证瓜农收益的关键。     

临沧市玉米主要病害症状、发生规律及防治途径

我市玉米主要病害以大、小斑病、灰斑病、锈病、纹枯病等为主,因病害所造成的产量损失在常年发生条件下达10％-20％,大发生时达30％-50％,局部严重时达80％。近年来,随着种子市场的逐步放开,品种多、乱、杂现象突出,一些感病品种或材料传入我市传播蔓延,如灰斑病等,发生面积、种类、程度呈逐年上升趋势,防治任务艰巨,对玉米产业的可持续发展构成了影响。掌握玉米主要病害症状、发生规律,采取科学合理的防治途径是促进玉米可持续发展、确保粮食安全的关键所在。     

黄瓜霜霉病与细菌性角斑病的识别与防治技术

霜霉病和细菌性角斑病是黄瓜最常见的两种病害,两者症状接近,较难区分。现将这两种病害的识别与防治方法介绍如下：     

Effect of dietary supplementation on improvement of growth and immune function of broilers

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement （Mirigen TM）, a fungal cell wall derivative product, as a new generation alternative to antibiotics, on the growth and the innate and adaptive immune functions in broilers from birth to 45 d of age. Newborn chicken were randomly assigned to one of three groups： G 1 （n=150） controls no supplement fed; G2 （n=150） is fed with dietary supplement at a designed regular dose （0.5 %, weight of additive to food）; G3 （n= 150） is fed with dietary supplement at double doses （1%）. All three groups were housed in the same conditions. Body weight and blood were taken on day 1, 14, 28 and 45. Medications used and costs/treatment were recorded for each group. The whole blood was used to purify heterophils for reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation and E coli killing abilities examination assays, and the serum samples were preserved in freezer for enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISAs） to determine concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β （MIP-1β）, CD4/CD8, interferon-y （IFN-y）, and titers of antibody against Newcastle disease virus （NDV）. Group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance （ANOVA） algorithm （S-Plus）. There was no significant birth weight difference in three groups. After 45 d growth, the dietary supplement treated groups had significantly higher body weight gain （BWG） with lower mortality rate if compared to the untreated control group （P〈0.05）. Their BWG and mortality rate were 2.23 kg and 10 % in GI （control group）, 2.89 kg and 2 % in G2 （experimental group, 0.5 % dose）, and 2.77 kg and 1% in G3 （experimental group, 1% dose）, respectively. Heterophil ROS generation in treated groups were markedly improved through the addition of dietary supplement in both regular and double doses to the diet （P〈 0.05）. The ability of heterophil to kill E coli was also significantly improved in dietary supplement treated groups （P〈0.01）. Comparing to control group, there was significantly higher serum IFN-y concentration in treated groups （P〈0.05） on day 45. The CD4/CD8 was also improved in treated groups （P〈0.05）. Newcastle di-sease is the most prevalent avian disease, and vaccination is an effective method to protect the animals from the virus infection. In our study, it is found G2 and G3 that fed with dietary supplement had higher antibody titers against NDV after vaccination （P〈0.01） and the antibodies lasted longer. Results from this study demonstrated dietary supplement to broilers improved the immune capabilities of immune cells, which are vital to the establishment of immune response against pathogens, thereby, to improve chicken＇ s health and growth and reduce medication cost in chicken farming.     

某立交桥墩柱病害机理分析

独柱墩曲线桥由于造型简洁流畅、建筑高度小、桥下通视性好、适应场合多、施工方便等优点而在城市立交桥、高架桥中使用较多,但由于主梁位于平曲线上,易出现横向滑移、支座脱空等常规病害,甚至会出现主梁侧翻、墩柱开裂等严重病害,严重影响结构正常使用。该文基于某立交桥匝道维修消缺工程分析该匝道墩柱病害产生的原因,为维修加固设计提供理论支持,也为类似桥梁病害的分析提供参考。     

地质学系张志飞教授等人在寒武纪冠轮类研究方面取得重大进展

<正>历经10余年的发掘和研究,由西北大学地质学系早期生命研究所张志飞教授领导的课题组和中国科学院南京古生物研究所相关研究人员组成的国内研究团队,在澄江化石库发现了700多枚新的砂质、多节、具触手的椎管状化石,并将其命名为精美玉玕囊形贝(Yuganotheca elegans gen.et sp.nov.),以纪念已故腕足动物研究专家金玉玕院士。日前,该研究团队联合瑞典、英国和澳大利亚等国学者,论证了     

基于美景度评价的多肉植物室外景观评价模型构建

针对多肉植物室外景观评价指标繁多、关系复杂,难以对其进行有效综合评价的问题,运用美景度评价法,筛选出了生态、美学、养护三大类评价指标体系,对三种不同类型的多肉植物景观进行评价,并通过偏相关分析,剔除相关系数最小的评价因子,保留对美景度值贡献较大的群落层次、协调共生、多样与统一、均衡与稳定、色彩搭配、色彩丰富、植株长势、周边环境等8个因子,再通过SPSS 18.0用多元线性Backward回归的方法建立了多肉植物景观美景度评价模型,即Y=0.201X_1+0.177X_2+0.072X_3+0.069X_4+0.210X_5+0.120X_6+0.106X_7+0.117X_8,其中,Y表示多肉植物景观美景度标准值,X_1表示群落层次,X_2表示协调共生,X_3表示多样与统一,X_4表示均衡与稳定,X_5表示色彩搭配,X_6表示色彩丰富,X_7表示植株长势,X_8表示周边环境.研究结果可以为多肉植物室外景观评价、设计与建造提供更为科学的方法.     

浅谈道路工程路基路面病害治理措施

我国社会经济的蓬勃发展,加快了公路建设的步伐.近几年来,我目的人均生活水平不断提高,我国汽车保有量也持续增加,这在不同程度上加快了公路的破损,所以,必须提高道路工程质量,加强对道路工程路基路面病害治理,以保障我国交通运输业的顺利发展.本文主要对当前的道路工程路基路面病害作简要分析,并提出治理的有效措施.     

毛木耳油疤病病原菌的生长条件研究

对毛木耳油疤病病原菌新种毛木耳柱霉(Scytalidium auricola W.H.Peng)的生物学特性研究结果显示,在5℃～35℃范围内,随着温度升高,菌丝生长速度逐渐加快,最适温度范围为25℃～30℃;在pH 4～12范围内,随着pH升高菌丝生长速度逐渐降低,菌株具有嗜酸的特性,在pH 4～5时生长速度最快;毛木耳柱霉对碳源、氮源的利用能力较强,可广泛利用各类单糖、双糖和多糖,以及多种铵态氮和氨基酸;光照对菌丝生长和孢子形成具有促进作用.适当降低菌袋培养温度和遮光培养有利于降低病害发生.