《人体及动物生理学》实验课改革的探索

《人体及动物生理学》实验课改革的探索赵德玲《人体及动物生理学》是生物学和医学院校的一门专业基础课。一切生物的生命活动，如摄食、排泄、生长、生殖、感觉、运动以至脑的高级功能，如学习、记忆等均属生理学的研究对象。生理学的发展有赖于物理学、化学的发展。因此...     

超等长练习的生理分析

力量是人体进行运动的首要素质，发展力量的方法多种多样，同样效果也各有不同，作为发展速度性力量（爆发力）的超等长训练，已日益为教练员和运动员所接受，但由于他们对其生理机制了解甚少，缺乏训练的科学性，因此采用时，伤病也经常发生，因而有些专家及教练指出：超等长训练应三思而后行。本文旨在通过超等长训练生理学的分析，阐述其训练的科学依据和训练时应注意的问题，从而使运动员能理解运用它，指导自己的训练。     

中国近代最早获得世界声誉的科学期刊及其启迪

中国近代科学先驱在建立科学体制时非常重视科学期刊的建设，使在兴起最早、成就最大的地质学与生物学领域中涌现出《中国地质学会会志》、《中国生理学杂志》等享有世界声誉的科学期刊。这些期刊的成功之处主要在于：立足本土，用自己高水平研究成果为创立名刊奠定坚实的基础；放宽视野，走国际化办刊道路；树立精品意识，坚持严格的科学标准和学术规范。这些办刊理念与经验对当前的科学期刊建设仍具有借鉴意义。     

男人的脑,女人的脑

魁梧、强壮、速度快，这些词常被专门用来形容男性，以显示男性与女性的差异。那么，男性的大脑与女性相比，是否也有如此大的差异？这是科学家十分感兴趣的问题。几百年来，科学家一直在寻找男性与女性大脑之间的差异。在现实生活中，男性与女性的行为是有区别的，而人的行为受到大脑控制，因此有理由认为两性大脑在支配行为的部位存在着区别。但这种区别如何？具体又在大脑什么位置呢？ 几乎所有的研究表明，出生时男婴的大脑都要比女婴大，平均大出１２％－２０％，因此男婴的头围也要比女婴大出２％左右。然而在这一阶段，如果将大脑的…     

铜离子对鲫鱼红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白量的影响

研究了铜离子对鲫鱼的生理毒害性。测试显示:铜离子对鲫鱼的血红蛋白量、红细胞数和白细胞数均有一定的影响。所有处理组的白细胞数均比清水对照组高，而且具有较为明显的剂量效应和时间效应。在较低浓度时，大多数铜离子处理组的红细胞和血红蛋白数比对照组低，而随后逐渐回升；而所有染毒8d的红细胞和血红蛋白量均急骤下降。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

Degradation of pyrene and characterization of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharothrix</Emphasis> sp. PYX-6 from the oligotrophic Tianchi Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China

Bacterial strain PYX-6 that utilizes anthracene,phenanthrene, or pyrene for carbon and energy sources for growth was isolated from a non-polluted lake (Tianchi Lake) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Its morphology, physiological and biochemical properties, cell wall pattern and G C mol% content of DNA molecules were characterized. The 16S rRNA gene of strain PYX-6 was sequenced and analyzed for similarities to related bacterial species. Results indicated that strain PYX-6 is a member of the Genus Saccharothrix, and the strain was named Saccha-rothrix sp. PYX-6. When pyrene was the sole carbon source in cultural medium, the strain PYX-6 assimilated pyrene for growth and 0.005% of yeast extract stimulated pyrene degradation and assimilation. The optimal pH of cultural medium and the optimal shaking frequency during cultivation were 6-8 and 200 r/m, respectively. It was found that the disappearance of pyrene in medium occurred before significant growth of strain PYX-6 took place. Phthalic acid, benzylacetic acid, and benzylpropenoic acid were detected as catabolic intermediates during pyrene degradation with mass spectroscopy and this result indicated that Saccharothrix sp.PYX-6 adopted a pathway that is different from the pathway of the previously reported pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1.     

Viewpoints on the proinflammation state of leukemia

Proinflammation represents a pathophysiological state on the early stage of a number of diseases, especially the infectious and immunological ones. In recent years, proinflammation has attracted much attention, and the term 損roinflammation factors?appears frequently in the literature. While investigating leukemia and leukemic cells from the angle of 損roinflammation state? we got some intriguing findings, e.g. we detected the significantly elevated expression of proinflammation factor IL-18 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which could up-regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and specific tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). The increased MMP may play a role in the aggressiveness of myeloid leukemic cells, and be associated with a poor prognosis. This phenomenon reflects an ignored aspect of leukemia. Investigations from the angle of 損roinflammation state?have broaden the fields of tumor and leukemia study.