贵州早二叠世玄武岩喷发环境及其古海洋效应研究

二叠纪是中国南方火山活动较为强烈的时期之一,此时贵州省境内形成了大面积的玄武岩。文章通过岩石学、地球化学、大地构造学研究论证了早二叠世玄武岩喷发时为大陆裂谷环境,从宏观、微观岩石学特征确定了分布区东部的早二叠世玄武岩为海底喷发的产物,并详细研究了它对古海洋沉积学、古海洋地球化学的影响。     

鹤壁火山岩用作水泥工业活性混合材料试验

鹤壁产出的火山岩（玄武岩）经Ｘ射线衍射分析、岩相分析证实玻璃相是其主要组分；经火山灰性试验合格，再经软练胶砂强度试验，证明是理想的活性混合材料。     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

Noble gases in corundum megacrysts from the basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China

This study presents noble gaseous data of the corundum megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China. It is known that no noble gaseous data of corundum megacryst have been documented before. The 3He/4He ratios (1.13-7.37 Ra) of the corundums from Changle vary from atmosphere to MORB values; the 20Ne/22Ne (9.67-10.75) and 21Ne/22Ne (0.0280-0.0372) data define two linear trends on Ne three-isotope diagram, respectively, along the MFL and the correlation line between atmosphere and MORB; the 38Ar/36Ar (0.177-0.194) ratios, the 40Ar/36Ar (280.9 -404.2) ratios and the 128-136Xe/132Xe ration with obvious 129Xe excess are generally higher than at-mospheric component, but the 40Ar/36Ar ratios are much closer to atomospheric ratio. The isotopic compositions of noble gases (particularly for He and Ar) of the corundums are similar to those of py-roxene, anorthoclase megacrysts, and mantle-derived xenoliths from this area, and those of man-tle-derived xenoliths from several areas in eastern China. Therefore, the noble gases trapped in the corundums probably are from mantle source, representing a ‘mixed fluid' produced by the interaction between the lithospheric mantle and fluids releasing from the convective plate. Both the noble gas isotopic compositions and the oxygen isotopic compositions of the solid corundums are not the characteristics of crustal source. These suggest that the corundums crystallized from mantle-derived magmas with minimal crustal contamination.     

明溪蓝宝石改色机理探讨

利用顺磁共振谱、红外光谱和热谱等方法，研究明溪蓝宝石的结构特性，分析结果表明，Fe主要以Fe^3 的形式存在，Fe^3 的d-d电子跃迁和Fe^2 -Ti^4 ，O-Fe间电荷转移是致色的主要因素。浓度差可以作为扩散动力，高温可以加速扩散的实现。OH^-位于晶格中，H的含量与蓝宝石蓝颜色有一定的正相关性，在改色工艺中，应注重控制Fe^2 的量和提高气氛中H的含量，以促进蓝色致色因子的进一步形成，去除杂色，改善蓝宝石的颜色。     

赤峰市平庄—元宝山盆地汉诺坝玄武岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景

对分布于赤峰东部平庄—元宝山盆地的汉诺坝玄武岩进行了岩石学、地球化学研究.结果表明,研究区内火山岩主要岩石类型为玄武岩及少量沉凝灰岩.玄武岩岩石成分较均一,主量元素变化不大,富钛、贫铝,富Na2O,低K2O.玄武岩稀土元素总量低,轻稀土元素富集,铕、铈异常不明显.玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Th,K,Ta和LREE,高场强元素U相对亏损,相容元素Cr,Co,Ni含量较低.本区汉诺坝玄武岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,火山岩的源区是软流圈上地幔,玄武岩形成于大陆裂谷的拉伸环境,是大陆板块内部稳定构造环境的产物.     

峨眉山玄武岩岩石学特征对井壁稳定性影响研究

四川盆地大兴场构造实施DS1及DS-001井深井钻进过程中,峨眉山玄武岩层段发生严重井壁垮塌掉块,造成多次卡钻;且DS-001被迫进行3次填井侧钻,钻井复杂导致施工周期延长,钻井成本增加,严重阻碍深部天然气资源的勘探开发。利用超景深体式显微镜观察、铸体薄片、X-射线衍射、滚动回收率实验、力学测试等岩矿测试手段研究峨眉山玄武岩的微观地质特征。研究结果表明,峨眉山玄武岩中不含黏土矿物,岩体中发育的天然裂缝、弱理面是导致井壁失稳的重要原因。正常钻进时,钻井液滤液沿着微裂缝进入地层内部,使孔隙压力增加,缝间摩擦力下降以及缝间充填物溶解致强度降低,导致井壁失稳。研究结论可为钻井设计提供参考。     

玄武岩纤维对再生混凝土早期抗开裂性能的影响

为了改善再生混凝土(RAC)因抗裂性能差所引起的安全耐久性问题,研究了不同玄武岩纤维体积掺量(0、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%)对再生粗骨料取代率为50%的玄武岩纤维再生混凝土(BFRAC)抗压强度和早期抗开裂性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行对比。研究结果表明,再生粗骨料会降低混凝土的抗压强度和早期抗开裂性能。适量的玄武岩纤维有助于提高RAC的立方体抗压强度,纤维掺量为0.2%时增幅最大。随着纤维掺量的增加,BFRAC的各项早期开裂指标明显改善,纤维掺量为0.3%时最大裂缝宽度和单位面积上的总开裂面积最小,BFRAC的早期抗裂性能得到显著提高。     

2.0GPa室温至1623K条件下粗面玄武岩的纵波速度与相变

利用ＹＪ－３０００Ｔ压力机的弹性波速度测量装置，在２．０ＧＰａ室温至１６２３Ｋ条件下，测量了河南伊川粗面玄武岩的纵波速度，并在相应条件下，获取了实验产物，经详细观察表明，对应着岩石弹性波速度的变化，实验样品已经发生了相变。据此讨论了岩石相变与其弹性波速度之间的关系，为了解地地球深部物质过程提供高温高压实验基础。     

十大柱状玄武岩奇观

1．美国怀俄明州的恶魔塔恶魔塔 座落于美国怀俄明州东北部。1906年，时任总统西奥多·罗斯福将其定为美国的第一个国家纪念碑。地质学家尚不完全确定这座约合386米高的石塔如何形成。围绕其形成的令他们意想不到的是，当地水源丰富，岩石也主要源自于火山。矗立在六角池边上的玄武岩柱呈亮灰色，六角池因玄武岩柱面有6个角而得名。很长...