千岛湖生态牧场构建现状与发展展望

千岛湖为我国长三角地区最大的淡水人工湖,也是华东地区重要战略水源地。60年来,千岛湖渔业逐步形成了特有的生态经营模式“千岛湖模式”。我们通过生态渔业、休闲渔业、文创渔业、加工渔业、品牌渔业等方式践行“两山理论”、实现生态保护与资源利用的协调发展。我们的实践证明,淡水生态牧场只有坚持生态优先、绿色生态发展的理念,才能走可持续发展之路、最大发挥大水面生态资源综合效益。为此,我们也提出了千岛湖生态牧场发展的展望。     

Experimental study on soil respiration of temperate grassland in China

Understanding of CO2 source and sink characteristics of terrestrial ecosystem is one of the most critical prob-lems at present, but till now, most studies concerning the natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle are concentrated on the forest ecosystem. Not enough attention is paid to the natural grassland, especially to the temperate natural grassland, whose area is almost equal to that of tropical forest in the world. Little is known about the role of the grassland, which takes about 25% of…     

云南高海拔牧场牦牛捕食线虫真菌生防高效菌株的筛选

目的:为筛选云南高海拔牧场牦牛高效力的寄生线虫生防真菌菌株。方法:对云南大理花甸坝牧场,中甸打日坝牧场及白马雪山牧场采集的少孢节丛孢(A.oligospora)、弯孢节丛孢(A.musiformis)、椭圆隔指孢(D.ellipsospora)和长孢隔指孢(D.leptospora)采用盐酸胃蛋白酶处理筛选耐受菌株,并进一步比较了耐受菌株的捕食活力。结果:12株捕食线虫真菌中,有6株通过盐酸胃蛋白酶处理,通过率为50%,其中大理花甸坝和中甸打日坝的A.oligospora及白马雪山牧场的D.ellipsospora显示出较强的捕食活力。结论:本研究初步筛选出3株生防高效菌株,为牦牛及其它动物线虫病的生物防治积累了捕食线虫真菌菌种资源。     

自然和谐的新西兰牧场

新西兰又称"纽西兰",素以"绿色"著称,位于太平洋南部,介于南极洲和赤道之间,这里属温带海洋性气候,四季温差不大,植物生长十分茂盛,森林面积810万公顷,森林覆盖率达31%,广袤的森林和牧场使新西兰成为名副其实的绿色王国。别看新西兰的面积不大,却集中了地球上几乎所有的地形、地貌,拥有世界罕见的自然财富。这片土地将全世界的自然景观全部纳入其中,这里是人类最后涉足的一块土地,也是上帝呵护和眷恋的地方。至今新西兰人骄傲地认为,他们所生活的这个国度曾经得到过上帝的亲吻……     

Effects of livestock exclusion and climate change on aboveground biomass accumulation in alpine pastures across the Northern Tibetan Plateau

To better understand the ecological and eco- nomic benefits of short-term grazing exclusion on the aboveground net primary productivity （ANPP） of alpine pastures, we conducted annual multi-site transect surveys in the summers from 2009 to 2011 and calculated the aboveground biomass discrepancy （ABD） between grazed and ungrazed pastures at plant community and economic group levels for three zonal alpine grassland types--mea- dow, steppe, and desert-steppe--across the northern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that aboveground biomass （AGB） significantly differed among grassland types and declined northwesterly from 64.07 to 11.44 g m-2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. The mean ABD exhibited considerable community dependency, with meadow （12.47 g m-2） 〉 steppe （6.91 g m-2） 〉 desert steppe （2.54 g m-2）, and it declined from 25.42 to 1.29 g m-2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. ＇Good forage＇, i.e. grasses and sedges, benefited most from grazing exclusion, followed by edible forbs. With longer grazing exclusion durations （GEDs）, the aboveground biomass of poisonous locoweeds initially decreased and then increased compared with the adjacent grazed sites. In the nested analysis of co-variances with a general linear model, growing season precipitation （GSP, from May to September） accounted for 52.67% ofthe observed variation in AGB, followed by AGT （9.77 %） and pasture management systems （PMSs; grazing or grazing-excluded, 5.31%）. The variation in ABD was explained primarily by AGT （16.52 %）, GED （20.25 %）, and the interaction of AGT x GED （19.58 %）. Our results confirm that precipitation is the primary factor controlling the ANPP of alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau and that the ecological benefits arising from grazing exclusion are also partly dependent on grassland type and exclusion duration. Therefore, spatial and temporal variations in growing season precipitation and plant functional tr     

离岸系泊式海藻牧场的动力响应分析

为应对全球气候变暖，助力实现国家“双碳”目标，提出建设蓝碳工程——离岸系泊式海藻牧场，论述了离岸海藻牧场的设计分析流程，并对海藻牧场单元的核心养殖设施进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明，在极端海况下，系泊缆绳、养殖绠绳、连接绳和吊绳的张力均未超过极限破断值；浮标升沉运动对海藻正常接受光照的影响较小，海藻柄部发生破断也为极小概率事件；所提出的设计分析方法可为水深超过40 m的离岸海域海藻牧场的系泊设计提供参考。