全球十大海属火山

据国外媒体报道，全世界海底目前有5000座活火山，高度、大小各不相同。由于大地震动和冒烟等火山喷发的常见迹象难以发现，海底火山常常被人们所忽略。以下就是全球十座最为壮观的海底火山。     

新西兰冒险家潜入活火山喷口

近期,新西兰冒险家、火山学家杰夫·麦克利等4人来到太平洋岛国——瓦努阿图共和国著名的马鲁姆火山岩浆湖边探险。他们冒险潜入澳大利亚活火山喷口,与炽热翻滚的岩浆仅距离30米。这里的温度高达1150摄氏度,犹如抵达太阳表面,或置身于烤箱之中。由于岩浆温度极高,拍摄者只能身穿消防员的专业护具才能靠近拍摄。     

十大改变地球的火山喷发

1．冰岛艾雅法拉火山爆发产生的尘埃云团，升至高达5000英尺的地方。从很远就可以看到，烟雾和灰尘正在向南漂移．淹没了英格兰上空和欧洲一部分地区，使交通陷入一片混乱。该洲的很多航班被迫取消。     

四千年前的地下城市

土耳其卡帕多基亚的格尔里默谷地，看起来和月球表面很相似。这里的火山沉积物上矗立着奇形怪状的石堡。古堡是由火山熔岩硬化后，经风蚀雨浸而最终形成的。早在公元8世纪和9世纪的时候，这里的居民就开始凿空石堡，将其改装成居室。     

万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩的地球化学及其构造背景

万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩地处湖南省古丈县境内,江南古陆的西北缘,主要由超浅成的辉长-辉绿岩、基性熔岩和火山碎屑岩所组成。岩石化学和微量元素、稀土元素以及钕同位素地球化学研究表明,万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩属碱性-钙碱性系列的板块内部(即大陆内部)火山作用的产物,形成于雪峰期大陆拉张伸展构造背景之下。     

塔里木盆地中部二叠系火山岩地层的划分与对比

根据火山岩的岩性及电性特征,对塔里木盆地中部(简称塔中)地区下二叠统火山岩地层进行了划分与对比。结果表明,以岩流组作为该区火山岩地层划分对比单元,确定了塔中地区西部有6期火山喷发,中部有4期火山喷发,东部无火山喷发。该区二叠纪火山以断裂式喷发为主,火山活动由西北向东南逐渐减弱。火山通道和伴生裂缝是油气运移的良好通道。塔中地区二叠系火山岩油气藏类型有古潜山型和超覆披覆型。     

Helium and argon isotope trace in ore-forming fluid of Sawuer gold belt in Xinjiang,China

The helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite have been measured from Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits in Sawuer gold belt, northern Xinjiang. The results show that fluidinclusion ^3He/^4He ratios are 0.64 Ra-4.25 Ra and 1.16 Ra-9.48 Ra, ^40Ar/^36Ar ratios are 282-359 and 312-525 for Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits respectively.The ore-forming fluids of two deposits possessed the same source and derived mainly from mantle beneath the island arc (including oceanic crust and oceanic sediments by subduction of oceanic plate). They were diluted by incorporating meteoric water to form a mixture of mantle- and partial meteoric water-derived fluid. The ore-forming fluids of twodeposits are of the same evolutionary histories. From the early to the late mineralization stages, the ratios of meteoric water/mantle- derived fluid in ore-forming fluid increasedgrad ually. Based on these results and detailed geological and geochemical studies on the two deposits, it is proposed that the geneses of the two gold deposits are the same, being volcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal gold deposits occurring in the same volcanic apparatus.     

A case for mantle plumes

The existence of at least several plumes in the Earth＇s mantle can be inferred with few assumptions from well-established observations. As well, thermal mantle plumes can be predicted from well-established and quantified fluid dynamics and a plausible assumption about the Earth＇s early thermal state. Some additional important observations, especially of flood basalts and rift-related magmatism, have been shown to be plausibly consistent with the physical theory. Recent claims to have detected plumes using seismic tomography may comprise the most direct evidence for plumes, but plume tails are likely to be difficult to resolve definitively and the claims need to be well tested. Although significant questions remain about its viability, the plume hypothesis thus seems to be well worth continued investigation. Nevertheless there are many non-plate-related magmatic phenomena whose association with plumes is unclear or unlikely. Compositional buoyancy has recently been shown potentially to substantially complicate the dynamics of plumes, and this may lead to explanations for a wider range of phenomena, including “headless” hotspot tracks, than purely thermal plumes.     

中朝边境地区新生代火山岩系对比

通过对比中国长白山区和朝鲜白头山区新生代火山岩系的层序和同位素年代学资料,首次编制出中朝边境地区新生代火山岩系分布图和新生代火山喷发阶段对比表。其岩石化学和地球化学演化趋势表明,该区新生代火山完全有可能再次喷发。     

大别山区低绿片岩相火山碎屑岩中榴辉岩脉的发现

大别山区的榴辉岩可以产于不同的变质岩中。在对大别山岳西县菖蒲和太湖县寺前榴辉岩带内新发现的一套低绿片岩相浅变质火山碎屑岩的调研中,发现了数条呈脉状产出的榴辉岩、石榴角闪岩,且石榴石、绿辉石中存在柯石英及其假象。据其产状、岩石矿物特征等的研究,确认为岩浆成因的火成榴辉岩,而非构造混杂或变质成因。这一发现对研究大别山榴辉岩的成因、形成条件及时代归属等将具有重大意义。