海洋——“两会”的“热门词汇”

在刚刚闭幕的“两会”上,海洋成为热议的话题之一。温家宝总理在政府工作报告中强调,要“坚持陆海统筹,推进海洋经济发展”。会议讨论并批准通过的“我国国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要》明确规定“坚持陆海统筹,制定和实施海洋发展战略,提高海洋开发、控制、综合管理能力”,并从“优化海洋产业结构”和“加强海洋综合管理”两个方面进行了详细阐述。指出要科学规划海洋经济发展,     

基于时频分析的海洋激光探测信号检测与识别

针对机载海洋激光探测系统接收信号中噪声的非平稳性及信号的相关性问题,利用信号的Ｇａｂｏｒ展开在时间和频率域局部化信号的能力,对信号进行时频相关检测和分析,提出了一种基于时频分析的相关检测方法以及基于时频特性描述的信号分析和识别。实验结果表明该方法是一种抗噪性能强,自适应性能好的弱信号检测与识别方法。     

可控式TMD-TLD混合调频系统对海洋平台的减震控制策略

为保证调谐类阻尼系统在海洋平台频率发生偏移时的减震效果,提出可控式TMD-TLD混合调频系统(control-lable TMD-TLD hybrid system,CTTHS),并以被动控制的形式研究了该系统应对海洋平台频率发生偏移时的减震控制策略.介绍了系统中各参数的设置方法,推导了平台-混合系统的运动方程.模拟结果显示,在海洋平台结构频率减小或增大时,CTTHS相对于普通TMD的减震效果最大增幅分别达到28%与6%,同时,CTTHS能够在较宽的频率范围内进行结构减震控制,具有比普通TMD更优的控制性能及更强的鲁棒性.     

运动物体生成内波的一类非线性谱方程组

本文给出了由运动物体所生成内波的基本方程组和对应的谱方程组。该方程组的线性部分是一具有体积源(其下简称为体源)的Sturm—Liouville本征值问题，而它的非线性部分是由体源与线性波场相互作用的谱表示。在这类强迫方程的源项中包含了10类内波谱，这些谱最终均可利用内波的振幅谱表示。本文给出了线性波场波要素的谱表示和运动物体生成内波的非线性谱方程可解性的讨论。为了检验所得到的谱方程组，文中又进行了该谱方程组线性部分的数值计算。     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

上层海洋热力异常对西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征的影响

重点分析了1970-2003年期间西北太平洋的热带气旋活动特征与海洋表面温度、上层海洋的热力异常变化以及对流层低层的大尺度环流特征之间的关系.分析结果发现在西北太平洋海域,热带气旋活动趋势与上层海洋热力异常变化(上层海洋热含量)以及对流层低层的西风异常之间有着显著的相关关系,而与海洋表面温度无显著关系.并在此基础上探讨了这种关系存在的物理机制.     

南海问题与中国海权

21世纪是海洋世纪,海洋对各国的发展起着越来越重要的作用。随着海洋产业迅速发展,海洋大国纷纷制定了自己的海洋战略。中国作为正在崛起中的大国,南海更是具有战略性意义。然而,我国南海权益却遭时常遭受侵犯。加强海洋意识,规划海洋战略,已经刻不容缓。     

海面动量,热量及水汽通量的浪沫效应：Ⅰ.方程组及初值化

讨论海面浪 沫影响动量、热量及水汽等垂直通量的物理过程。提出描述飞沫特征的运动方程、热量方程和蒸发方程，以及确定飞沫初值的计算方法。并给出求飞沫在出入海面过程中所产生的动量、热量及水汽等通量的计算式。     

大连石槽岩滩附植小型动物的初步研究

定量分析从大连石槽岩礁潮间带共采得１４种海藻和２５个附植小型动物样品。指出海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是永久性小型动物中占优势的类群，平均相对丰度分别占４１％和２８．３％。共鉴定出４６种海洋线虫。沉积食性的锐棘线虫（Ｔｈｅｒｉｓｔｕｓ ａｃｅｒ）的优势和普遍分布，指出本研究海域的隐蔽性，海藻上沉积了较多的有机碎屑和沉积物。将附植小型动物的数量与其他海域进行比较，并讨论了附植小型与附植大型动物的关系。     

Modeling impacts of East Asian Ocean-Land thermal contrast on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall in eastern China

Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP–NCAR） reanalysis dataset, the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of precipitation, and the MM5v3 Meso-scale Model, the impacts of surface temperature differences between the East Asian land and its adjacent oceans on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall over eastern China are studied. The modeling results show that the temperature differences exert strong influence on the occurrence of the southwesterly winds and rainfall over southern China and their northward advances. When surface temperature increases over the land and decreases over the oceans, the temperature gradient with a winter feature earlier changes toward the gradient with a summer feature. Both the low-pressure system east of the Tibetan Plateau and the subtropical high-pressure system over the western Pacific strengthen, accompanying with the strengthening of the lower-tropospheric southwesterly winds over eastern China. Accordingly, the upward motion increases over the Yangtze-Huaihe River （YHR） valleys and decreases over southern China, leading to an increase of spring rainfall over the YHR valleys and a decrease over southern China. Thus, the rain belt over eastern China appears over the YHR valleys but not over southern China. Under a weaker condition of the spring thermal contrast, the rain belt does not occur over eastern China. When the spring thermal contrast pronouncedly strengthens, the rain belt over southern China may advance northward into the YHR valleys during spring, though there is no onset of the tropical monsoon over the South China Sea. This forms a rain belt similar to that of the YHR valleys during the summer Meiyu period.