壳聚糖对活性污泥动力学参数的影响

壳聚糖具有良好的吸附性以及生物降解性,作为一种天然高分子絮凝剂,具有絮凝效果好、无毒无害,不会造成二次污染等优点,在水质净化工艺中具有广阔的应用前景。以活性污泥为研究对象,在壳聚糖(分子量为50kDa、脱乙酰度85 %)添加质量浓度分别为0,15,25,35 mg·L^-1时,采用耗氧速率表征方法,测定计算了活性污泥的动力学参数:COD_Cr 最大比去除速率(v_mS)、COD_Cr去除半饱和常数(K_S)、氨氮最大比去除速率(v_mN)、氨氮去除半饱和常数(K_N)。结果表明,一定质量浓度的壳聚糖能导致活性污泥的v_mS及v_mN降低,K_S及K_N增大,对活性污泥降解COD_Cr和氨氮有抑制作用。壳聚糖的抑制作用受壳聚糖浓度的影响,但并不随之增大而增强,即存在最大抑制作用。当壳聚糖质量浓度为25 mg·L^-1时,抑制作用最强,而壳聚糖的絮凝作用则不受此影响。     

序批式活性污泥法反应池的细胞自动机模型

根据活性污泥法的去污机理和细胞自动机的特征,结合序批式反应池的特点,建立了序批式反应池的细胞自动机模型,并利用实际参数进行仿真实验.结果表明该模型能够描述出污水中有机物被吸附再被降解的过程和微生物的生长、繁殖及死亡等过程,从而描绘了有机物的去除过程和活性污泥的生长过程曲线,实现了污水处理过程的可视化,为复杂系统控制奠定基础.最后,分析了该模型的应用情况.     

城镇污水处理厂活性污泥法处理工艺总量减排核查要点分析——以某污水处理厂为例

以某污水处理厂为例,在对来水构成、处理工艺以及各个工段的处理原理、主体设备、关键运行参数进行全过程分析的基础上,总结提炼了城镇污水处理厂活性污泥处理工艺的核查要点,为实现科学化城镇污水处理厂总量减排核查工作提供了理论依据和基本数据支持.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

Effects of Nitrate Concentration in Main Anoxic Zone on Denitrifying Dephosphatation

The effects of nitrate concentration in the main anoxic zone on denitrifying dephosphatation capability were conducted based on modified University of Cape Town (MUCT) process. Meanwhile the relation between optimal nitrate concentration (Nopt) and influent C/N ratio was evaluated, in which the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was stabilized at (290±10)mg/L, the influent total phosphorus (TP) concentration was stabilized at (7.0±0.5)mg/L. The results indicated that: (1) the nitrate concen...     

污泥消化前的预处理效果比较

比较了活性污泥采用碱处理、碱处理与超声处理（20kHz,150w）不同组合预处理的效果。在溶解效果实验中,采用碱预处理,溶解性COD与TCOD的比值可增大到30.1％,再接超声处理,该比值可增大到79.3％;如同时采用碱和超声处理,该比值达到75.9％。在后续BAP实验中,初始活性污泥中挥发性脂肪酸与TCOD的比值小于10％,采用碱预处理,该比值可增大到30％,再接超声处理,该比值可增大到59％;如同时采用碱和超声处理,该比值达到最大值80％。此外,同时采用碱和超声处理可大大缩短预处理时间。因此,将碱和超声同时用于预处理,能有效增加活性污泥中挥发性脂肪酸的产量、改善后续的消化过程。     

一株多环芳烃降解菌在焦化废水降解中的应用研究

为了提高焦化废水的生物降解率,以萘普惟一碳源分离出1株细菌CN3d。降解萘、吡啶、菲、芘时,其降解率分别达到93.0%、90.0%、99.0%和72.5%。纯培养的CN3d对焦化废水的降解率为33.6%,将其投加于活性污泥,降解率达到51.8%。鉴定CN3d为黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium)。将葡萄糖和FeCl3加入改良污泥,焦化废水的最大降解率达到55.0%,这时若将焦化废水稀释至原浓度的1／2,降解率可达70.2%。试验结果表明,CN3d对焦化废水有降解潜力,改善降解条件有利于提高投菌法的降解率。     

Cu2+和Zn2+对活性污泥生长动力学的影响

Cu2+和Zn2+是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子,文章利用序批式实验研究了活性污泥在Cu2+和Zn2+作用下的生长模式.尽管微量的Cu2+和Zn2+对微生物的生长有益,但当它们达到一定的质量浓度时,均会对微生物的生长速率和COD的去除速率产生抑制作用.实验结果表明,活性污泥的产量在Cu2+的质量浓度为1～20 mg/L时均有所减少;而Zn2+的质量浓度只有超过5 mg/L时,才能使污泥产量降低,当Zn2+的质量浓度等于或低于5 mg/L时,它反而轻微促进微生物的生长速率和COD的去除速率.总体而言,根据微生物的比生长速率、基质比去除速率、活性污泥产率以及COD的去除效率等各方面的对比研究,结果表明,Cu2+的毒性比Zn2+强.     

ClO2氧化—间歇式活性污泥法处理印染废水的研究

采用ClO2氧化法预处理印染废水,再经间歇式活性污泥法处理,各项水质指标均符合GB8978-88《污水综合排放标准》。