洞穴环境与洞穴旅游

喀斯特洞穴是喀斯特地貌的重要组成部分,在地质营力溶蚀,侵蚀和崩塌作用下形成。由于地质构造,岩性及气候的复杂性,地表、地下洞穴形态复杂,类型多样,构成高品位的旅游资源,具有重要开发价值。从洞穴的地质地貌,大气圈、生物圈、水文方面讨论,评价洞穴资源的价值。     

广西洞穴金线鲤属二新种记述(鲤形目:鲤科:鲤亚科)

描记2000-2008年间采于广西的洞穴金线鲃属Sinocyclocheilus鱼类二新种,以采集地县名命名为马山金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus mashanensis Wu,Liao et Li,sp,nov和环江金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus haunjingensis Wu.Gan et Li,sp,nov.     

岩溶洞穴对嵌岩单桩承载力的影响研究

针对岩溶地区特殊地质条件下,岩溶洞穴对高速公路桥台桩基承载力的影响,采用三维有限元数值模拟敏感性分析的研究方法,分别对影响嵌岩桩承载力的岩溶洞穴与桩基相对几何形态(桩端至洞穴顶部厚度、洞穴直径、高程和偏心)等四大影响因素进行正交数值试验研究,对不同洞穴条件下其对桩基承载力的影响作了详细分析,进而提出了岩溶地区桩基承载力设计中应予以考虑修正参数。     

寻找务川臭蛙

务川臭蛙是我国特有的一种喀斯特洞穴蛙类,隶属于无尾目蛙科臭蛙属,学名为Odorraaa wuchuanensis（也有作：Rana wuchuartensis）,别名“蝌蚂”,分布于贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县。以往的文献仅记录了其在务川县柏村镇一个洞穴内的分布。务川臭蛙是1979年才被人类发现的罕见的大型蛙类,1983被科学命名。     

古老地道之谜

爱好浪漫的考古学家和学者致力于寻找"女预言家卡曼"居住过的洞穴,他们相信那里隐藏着通往"地狱"的入口。位于意大利那不勒斯湾北岸的菲勒格兰火山地带一片荒凉,不见一丝绿色。菲勒格兰火山和其东面数千米的维苏威火山是一对姊妹火山,后者是著名的庞培城终结者,而它的姊妹火山如今依然     

洞穴河流沉积物有机碳同位素特征及Ca、 Mg、 Sr含量的区域环境响应——以贵州省山王洞为例

洞穴河流沉积物因沉积环境稳定且保存较完好,蕴含着丰富的古环境信息。选取双河洞穴系统山王洞中河流沉积物为研究对象,分析沉积环境的水动力条件、沉积物有机碳同位素及Ca、Mg、Sr元素含量特征,以探讨其环境响应。结果表明:(1)在沉积过程中,地下河在该剖面位置长期处于静水水流状态,沉积环境稳定;(2)有机碳同位素特征显示沉积期分为C4植物为主、C3植物为主及过渡期3个时期,不同时期气候明显不同,随时间演变由冷转暖,沉积物来源于中新世以后的地表土壤;(3)洞穴河流沉积物Ca、Mg、Sr元素含量变化对炎热偏湿与湿冷环境的响应比较明显,气温和植被类型可能是影响其含量变化的因素。     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.     

Transmission of oxygen isotope signals of precipitation-soil water-drip water and its implications in Liangfeng Cave of Guizhou,China

According to systemically monitoring results of oxygen （hydrogen） isotope compositions of precipitation, soil waters, soil CO2, cave drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in Liangfeng Cave （LFC） in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, it is found that local precipitation is the main source of soil waters and drip waters, and that the amplitudes of those δ18O values of three waters （precipitation, soil water and drip water） decrease in turn in the observed year, which are 0‰ to -10‰, -2‰ to -9‰ and -6‰ to -8‰, respectively. Moreover, the δ18O values for three waters show a roughly simultaneous variation, namely, that those values are lighter in the rainy seasons, weightier in the dry seasons, and that the average δ18O value of drip waters is about 0.3‰ weightier than that of precipitation, which is modified by surface evaporation processes. We also find that oxygen isotope equilibrium is reached or neared in the formation processes of speleothems in LFC system, and that it is feasible to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation by using δ18O values of speleothems. However, it should be noted that surface evaporation would affect the oxygen isotope values in the study area.     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in cave drip waters and their responses to environment changes: Four cave systems as an example in Guizhou Province,China

Understanding the responses of fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters to modern environment and climate changes is key to the reconstructions of environmental and climatic changes using fluorescence spectral characteristics of speleothems. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in four active cave systems were analyzed with a three-dimensional （3D） fluorescence spectral analysis method. We found that the fluorescence types of DOC were mainly of fulvic-like and protein-like fluorescences, both in soil waters and cave drip waters. The intensity of fulvic-like fluorescence was positively correlated with the concentrations of DOC, suggesting that the DOC of cave drip waters was derived from the overlying soil layer of a cave system. Compared with the other cave systems, the variation range of the excitation and emission wavelengths for fulvic-like fluorescence of cave drip waters in Liangfeng cave system that had forest vegetation was smaller and the excitation wavelength was longer, while its fluorescence intensity varied significantly. By contrast, the excitation and emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity for that in Jiangjun cave system that had a scrub and tussock vegetation showed the most significant variation, while its excitation wavelength was shorter. This implies that the variation of vegetation overlying a cave appears to be a factor affecting the fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters.     

秦岭大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)对产仔育幼洞穴的选择

目的探讨秦岭大熊猫产仔育幼洞穴的选择机制。方法对产仔育幼洞穴的性能和构造等物理参数及洞穴外部环境因子进行样方调查,通过系统聚类分析对所调查洞穴的物理属性进行分类。结果大熊猫产仔育幼洞穴选择的主要影响生态因子是坡型、干扰高度和隐蔽性等。结论洞穴内外生态因子的异质性是影响大熊猫洞穴选择的主要因素：大熊猫对偏岩型和隧道型两种洞穴具有较为相近的选择性。