半导体纳米粒子气—固复相光催化氧化气相有机污染物的研究

本文介绍了半导体纳米粒子气—固复相光催化氧化法的原理及影响因素,探讨了气相有机物光催化降解的过程和动力学,综述了提高半导体纳米粒子光催化活性的途径,讨论了气相有机污染物光催化降解进一步研究的方向,并对应用前景作出展望。     

爱因斯坦和玻尔的科学创新方法论原则

本文在深入研究、比较爱因斯坦和玻尔科学创新方法及其特点的基础上,揭示了科学创新活动应当遵循的方法论原则,即哲学思想渗透原则、逻辑思维与非逻辑思维相结合原则和思想实验与物质实验相结合原则。     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

发光二极管胜过液晶显示器

有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器技术已经发展到能够显示1600万种颜色的程度。柯达的专利技术表明，由eMagine公司开发的全色快速矩阵电路含有超过150万个独立的可寻址的图像元素。为了达到看得“逼真”的目的，显示器必须有一个较宽的颜色和色调     

光合细菌处理垃圾渗滤液静态试验研究

利用光合细菌(Photosynthetic bacteria PSB)混合培养物对垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行了静态试验，CODcr和BOD5去除率分别达到84．4％，和79．7％，硫化物和NH3-N去除率为97．3％和69．2％．处理后的光合细菌液可以综合利用，具有较大的经济效益．     

P物质对GABAA受体介导电流的作用

应用全细胞膜片箝技术,在大鼠新鲜分离的背根神经节细胞上观察到:SP对GABA激活电流有调制作用。实验结果表明:多数受检的大鼠背根神经节神经元对SP(28/41,68.5％)和GABA(36/41,88.2％)敏感,100μmol/LSP和100μmol/L GABA激活内向电流的幅值分别为243.8±82.7pA(x±s,n=9)和1.76±0.48nA(x±s,n=13)。GABA与SP激活的内向电流明显不同,前者具有明显的去敏感现象。实验预加SP(0.001～1μmol/L)30s后再加GABA,则GABA激活电流的幅值明显减小,而且GABA激活电流减小的程度与预加SP的浓度呈量效依赖关系。SP主要抑制GABA激活电流的峰电流,对其稳态电流的抑制不明显。预加0.1μmol/L SP之后约4min左右,SP对GA-BA激活电流的抑制效率最大,为49.8±7.2％(x±s,n=7,P≤0.01),而预加SP 12min之后,SP才失去对GABA激活电流的抑制作用。     

纳米--物质世界的新大陆

在物质世界的微观和宏观两个领域内，人类在小步地前进着；而在介于它们之间的1—100纳米的世界里，20年前科学家们发现了深藏其中的一些物理和化学上的奇异现象，比如物体的强度、韧性、比热、导电率、扩散率、磁化率等完全不同于我们现有的常识。由这些全新的发现可能导致的全新理论的问世将会给人类带来怎样的影响，会成为一场持续多久的革命呢?请看中国科学院纳米科技项目首席科学家白春礼院士的报告。     

UV/O3氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯溶液研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为环境优先控制污染物。本文采用紫外光—臭氧氧化法、单纯紫外光照及单纯臭氧氧化法处理邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水。结果表明：单独紫外光照及单独臭氧化对邻苯二甲酸二酯防溶液的TOC去除率很低，紫外光催化臭氧化可加速有机物的矿化。UV/O3较单独臭氧化TOC由单独臭氧化的33％可提高到100％。在同样时间条件下，UV／O3、单独O3、单独UV三者对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯矿化作用由大至小为：UV／O3、O3、UV。