生命起源的学说之争与研究发展史

自从2000多年前,古希腊思想家、哲学家亚里士多德（Aristotle,公元前384-322）倡导"自生论"以来,人类关于生命起源的认识与研究一直都在不断深入和发展。纵观历史,可见其发展既有持续性,又有阶段性。经过一定阶段的发展或学术争论之后,往往又有个突破性发展时期。学说之争关于地球上的生命起源问题,人类历经2000多年的探索和研究,到目前仅流行的学说或观点就不下数十种。但如果从学说或理论方面来概括,所有这些理论或学说又都可以归结为两大类,一是主张地外起源的"宇宙胚种论";一是主张地表起源的"化学起源说"。从根本上来看,…     

《庄子》文学观探源

“人”、“物”、“道”标示了庄子哲学观的生存论、生态论、宇宙论三个环节，“人与文”、“物与文”、“道与文”是庄子从其哲学观出发，审视并揭示文学起源的三重维度。与此相应，庄子形成了其独具特色的生存论、生态论及宇宙论的文学观。从生存论出发，文学是对生存的诗性观照，是真人自由生命的映射；从生态论出发，文学是对物性的体认及回归；从宇宙论出发，文学是对宇宙情怀的书写，是向大道的归藏，是天与心的交融。在文学的三维书写中，庄子揭示了文学的本质就是见证生命的自由。     

深海底热液微生物成矿与深部生物圈研究进展

深海底热液喷口为地球上最奇特的成矿与生态环境,具有密集的生物数量及高生产率.海底黑烟囱周围的嗜热微生物生存于极端环境下,除了进行独立光合作用之外,还通过化能自养从无机化合物中获取能量,并支撑深海底喷口热液生命系统.在海底黑烟囱直接观察到浓密的嗜热微生物及其产物由海底喷涌而出,指示地下存在数量巨大的微生物,有的地区已被洋底钻探所证实.海底黑烟囱硫化物保留了丰富的微生物活动及其矿化记录,表明微生物直接或间接地参与了海底热液成矿,造成微生物原地快速矿化.开展现代与地史上海底热液硫化物及其微生物化石的研究对比,将拓展对早期生命环境及地外生命的研究探索.     

新闻欲、好奇心在新闻传播起源中的地位

在肯定生存与发展的需要及社会化生产劳动对新闻传播产生起决定作用基础上，探讨了新闻欲和好奇心在新闻传播起源中的地位。二者作为人类意识的一部分，产生于社会实践，又反作用于社会实践，在人类新闻传播起源中起着基础性和推动力的作用。     

华裔文学--美国的少数族裔文学

近来30多年来，华裔学极大地丰富了美国学而成为美国学不可分割的一部分，华裔学研究涉及多种艺和化思潮，并反映出美国学发展的趋势。     

A new Euprox from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou,Yunnan Province,China,with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

The Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan Province is a hotspot for the research of early homind evolution and its environmental background.During the implementation of the Program“Research of the Origin and Evolution of Early Man and Its Environmental Baqckground” from 1998 to 2001,a huge quantity of hominoid and mammal fossils were collected.The present report systematically describes an Euprox robustus sp.nov.identified during the recent laboratory work on the collected material.Euprox is a group of earliest cervids with true antlers.The new species is the third one of the genus discovered in China.Judged by its morphologic characteristics,the new species feed on juicy and tender leaves of dicotyledon.It implies that the vegetation of its epoch in the Yuanmou Basin is a kind of southern subtropical evergreen forest and the climate is humid and temperate with evident seasonality.The latter is mostly influenced by the monsoon and secondly by the latitude.     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

最后还未觉察到的攻击

倘若有一个孤独的黑洞进入到我们星球运行的轨道上,在与它撞击之前,我们也许什么也不知道.要给太空中截面只有几公里宽,又完全呈黑色的物体定位,当该物离我们又有几十亿公里之遥时,实属一件很困难的事.然而,若我们能利用太阳作搜索光源,也许还会有点机会.     

地转变慢与地磁倒向

地球自转变慢的事实，使刚性内核和地幔处于不同频幅的扭摆振荡状态。由地球温度分布和汤姆逊效应，知道地核带正电，地幔带负电。所以外棱正电荷的振荡是形成基本炀的原因。由此对地磁倒向规律作出物理说明。     

武器的仿生学起源

文化人类学的研究表明,战争在较为低级的文明阶段就已经开始了.社会生物主义的代表阿德勒认为,人类之所以是地球上处于独特地位的万物之灵,是由于人类用杀伤工具即武器武装了自己,武器成了人类生物装备的一部分,即延伸了肢体、牙齿等可用于进攻和搏斗的凶猛本能.