天然气用纤维过滤器非稳态性能实验研究

针对天然气工业特点,设计了一套滤芯性能在线检测装置,采用光学粒子计数器OPC对过滤器上、下游粉尘的浓度和粒径分布进行适时测量.使用多分散性粉尘,在实验室内测试了天然气用纤维过滤器的非稳态性能,以及各种操作参数对其性能的影响规律.实验结果表明,纤维过滤器的过滤效率和阻力均随粉尘负荷的增加而增加,根据其变化趋势可分为深层过滤和滤饼过滤两个阶段.过滤速度过高容易导致大粒子穿透,从而使效率下降,纤维过滤器的表观过滤速度应低于0.06 m/s;相对湿度和滤材厚度的增加有利于增大过滤效率,但也会导致阻力的迅速增加.     

牺牲阳极技术在钢制天然气管道工程中的应用

介绍了电化学腐蚀及牺牲阳极的原理。牺牲阳极保护技术的使用情况,牺牲阳权保护的设计、计算、施工及投资测算与经济分析。     

水源热泵技术的应用性探讨

一、水源热泵开发研制的背景截至20世纪70年代,世界能源结构已经经历了三次大转变,即从木柴转向煤炭,由煤炭转向石油和天然气,继而又从以油、气为主的能源系统转向以可再生能源为基础的持久能源系统。据资料估计,目前全世界已经探明的煤炭、石油、天然气、油页岩等石化燃料资源     

山西省城市天然气工程的社会效益分析

从社会进步、社会发展和社会稳定3方面对山西省城市天然气工程建设的社会效益进行了分析,并在此基础上,建立了山西省城市天然气工程社会效益的评价指标体系。     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

高压燃气管道破裂的定量风险分析

高压燃气管道破裂将会危及到破裂点附近的生命财产安全．管道泄漏率是分析和评价管道破裂事故的前提和基础，将复杂的泄漏率模型进行简化，由简化模型得到的计算值与复杂模型计算值之间的最大偏差为9．3％、基于该简化模型得到的气体喷射扩散模型，其计算值与复杂模型计算值之间的最大偏差为18％．管道发生火焰喷射时，其危险域的计算值与实际值之间的最大偏差只有4m．研究表明，管道破裂危险域是与气体泄漏率的1／2次方成正比，与输气压力的1／2次方成正比，与管径的5／4次方成正比，与破裂管长的1／4次方成反比．     

车用合成燃料能源消费和温室气体排放对比分析

为了评价在我国发展以天然气和煤为原料的车用合成燃料所带来的能源和全球变暖影响,使用“从矿井到车轮”的方法对甲醇、二甲醚和费托柴油在资源开采、炼制加工、运输分配及最终使用中的能耗和温室气体排放进行定量计算,并与传统汽油和柴油的相关指标进行对比。计算结果表明,甲醇、二甲醚和费托柴油的全周期石油消耗远低于汽油和柴油,对解决中国石油安全问题有一定作用。在能源消费总量、化石能源消费量和温室气体排放量方面,天然气基燃料优于煤基燃料,但两者均明显劣于汽柴油,对中国未来承担温室气体减排责任构成潜在压力。     

深圳港液化天然气船航行安全风险评估

对中国第一座海运LNG接收站LNG船航行安全进行了安全评估.采用美国海岸警卫队的《基于风险的决策指南(RBDM)》中的预先风险评估方法(PrRA),使用了事件树方法和风险指数方法.根据ALARP原理,评估出三种情景属于需改进的范围,针对评宿结果提出了五条减少风险水平的建议.     

天然气成藏动力学机制发展趋势分析

目的研究天然气成藏机理与分布规律。方法国内外相关文献综合分析。结果对天然气成藏动力学机制的研究主要围绕背斜圈闭气藏(含上倾型构造及地层圈闭)、向斜圈闭气藏(深盆气圈闭)及煤层气藏(源内气藏)3类气藏进行,但是,研究的侧重点差别很大。其中,对背斜气藏的研究主要侧重天然气初次运移、二次运移、聚集及保存机制的研究,对向斜圈闭气藏的研究主要侧重于气水倒置形成、气藏异常压力形成机制的研究,而对煤层气藏的研究则主要侧重煤孔隙的形成、煤层气富集及保存机制研究。存在问题:其一,把背斜气藏和向斜气藏当成两种成藏动力学机制完全不同的气藏类型,其动力学依据不充分;其二,没有解决气源岩内天然气初次运移机制和聚集机制的矛盾。结论建议应加强两方面的研究:其一,以盆地升降运动为动力学基础,研究天然气成藏的动力学机制;其二,以烃源岩—断裂—储气层为基本输导格架,研究不同输导介质中天然气成藏的动力学机制。上述研究有望解决不同类型天然气藏形成动力学存在的问题。     

From deep basin gas to diagenetic trap—An example from the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

In the updip portion of the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, there are no any structural, stratigraphic and sedimentary lithologic seals. Using thin-section petrography, ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, micro-thermometry and Raman microspectrometry, this paper finds out the diagenetic trap and studies the diagenetic history of this field. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging happened in late Triassic, late Jurassic and the end of early Cretaceous respectively. In the first two phases, acid geofluid entered the reservoir and caused dissolution and cementation. Although the porosities had been increased, further compaction accompanying re-subsidence resulted in tight sandstone and conglomerates. Till the end of the early Cretaceous, bulk of gas migrated into the tight reservoir. Cementation, however, kept on in the updip portion of this field due to low gas saturation and formed the diagenetic trap. The mechanism for gas accumulation was changed from deep basin gas to diagenetic trap, which offers a sealing condition that can retain gas for much longer time.