On the development of the GRAPES——A new generation of the national operational NWP system in China

Numerical weather prediction （NWP） has become one of the most important means for weather forecasts in the world. It also mirrors a nation＇s comprehensive strength in meteorology. In 2000, China Meteorological Administration （CMA） established the National Innovative Base for Meteorological Numerical Prediction in the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （CAMS）, to work on developing a new generation of the national operational NWP system-Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System （GRAPES）, to enhance meteorological services in China in the new century. In recent years, the GRAPES has witnessed a fast development. The GRAPES has been set up as an integration of the model framework, data assimilation, regional and global NWP system, which can be commonly used for both operation and research. In this paper, a brief review is made for illustrating the GRAPES system, including the advanced designs of the GRAPES, its diverse applications in multi-fields, and efficiencies of the regional and global GRAPES in operational applications based on hindcast results.     

Scientific design and preliminary results of three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of GRAPES

The scientific design and preliminary results of the data assimilation component of the Global-Regional Prediction and Assimilation System （GRAPES） recently developed in China Meteorological Administration （CMA） are presented in this paper. This is a three-dimensional variational （3DVar） assimilation system set up on global and regional grid meshes favorable for direct assimilation of the space-based remote sensing data and matching the frame work of the prediction model GRAPES. The state variables are assumed to decompose balanced and unbalanced components. By introducing a simple transformation from the state variables to the control variables with a recursive or spectral filter, the convergence rate of iteration for minimization of the cost function in 3DVar is greatly accelerated. The definition of dynamical balance depends on the characteristic scale of the circulation considered. The ratio of the balanced to the unbalanced parts is controlled by the prescribed statistics of background errors. Idealized trials produce the same results as the analytic solution. The results of real data case studies show the capability of the system to improve analysis compared to the traditional schemes, Finally, further development of the system is discussed.     

符号在室内设计中的运用研究

每个人心中都有一个梦想,但有没有一个梦想是相同的。不错,符号,也应有不同的解释。符号是表达的产物。任何能够表达人们情感的形式,都可以叫做符号。符号涵盖了化学、数学、物理、文学等所有领域。世界万物,无一不是符号构成的。我们要运用符号学原理,探讨符号与室内设计的关系。     

多要素遥感信息的V-3θ图绘制与分析

本文较详细地分析和叙述了V-3θ结构图的物理量计算和软件制作,并基于此方法对2007年12月南京地区的一次大雾天气进行了预测分析。     

透过情色符号看广告中的美女诉求策略

在中国的传媒生态中,两性的文化权力是不对称的,男权中心意识仍然会在一定时期内存在.广告作为文化的载体,一方面基于商业需求,必然要迎合传统的审美习惯,以大众熟悉的价值为前提来构建性别角色和行为模式;另一方面,广告也在改变着这种传统性别角色的规定性,赋予女性更为积极的内涵.女性形象是广告表现的核心元素,现代广告通过对女性形象美的展示,将逐步引导女性朝着社会话语权力中心靠近,一种互为审美主体和客体的新型性别关系正在形成.要正确地运用情色符号,必须探索广告创意表现的新思维、新技术.     

加速工况与双怠速工况的汽油汽车排放:共性与差异

考察和比较了汽油汽车加速工况瞬态排放与双怠速稳态排放的共性与差别.采用移动检测方案获得汽油汽车升挡加速瞬态排放,双怠速方案获得汽油汽车稳态排放;采用体积分数、面积量和符号时间序列分析方法的"Shannon熵"评价汽油汽车排放.汽车加速工况瞬态排放与双怠速工况稳态排放的共性是转速越低、空气过量系数λ越小、排放越大;差别是前者的排放均大于后者高怠速时的排放,前者的燃烧紊乱程度均高于后者;在双怠速工况下获得的汽油汽车排放量不能反映升挡加速工况的排放量;随着汽车加速工况挡位升高,其瞬态排放量上升而燃烧紊乱程度下降.     

民族民间服饰艺术的文化符号象征

文中从民族民间服饰是一种艺术符号的象征;民族民间服饰是人的生命情感的象征;民族民间服饰艺术的文化符号象征的现代服饰情结三方面对民族民间服饰艺术的文化符号象征作一研究探讨.     

吕梁市近30年大风天气变化的特征分析

利用吕梁市1971—2000年13个县（市）的大风日数、沙尘暴日数等气象资料,统计分析了吕梁市大风天气的空间分布和时间分布特征,并说明了大风对沙尘暴天气的影响。     

正交频分复用系统中一种新的时频同步方案

提出了一种新的时频同步方案.该方案基于一种新的训练符号,首先利用该训练符号在时域的共轭对称性完成定时同步,然后利用其频域良好的自相关性完成频率同步.仿真结果表明,与已有方案相比,新方案不仅具有更好的定时和频率偏移估计性能,而且频偏估计范围较大.     

CAI中数学课件的制作（IV）——数学动画的实现

Mathematica具有强大的动画制作动能。本文讲述用多种方法来实现开放型数学课件中的数学动画。