论洛阳古代墓葬在我国古代墓葬中的地位

洛阳古代墓葬资源丰富而独特,在全国墓葬中皇家墓葬堪称最多,是中国古代墓葬的“首善之区”;洛阳地理位置得天独厚,是适合墓葬的“风水宝地”;洛阳出土墓志,尤其是唐代墓志,学术价值高,可以补史、证史;洛阳出土文物精品多,丰富了我国的艺术宝库;洛阳地灵人杰,有众多的名人墓葬。洛阳墓葬资源的综合实力在全国属于上乘,有独特的、持久的文化吸引力和巨大的开发利用价值。     

Fuzzy cluster analysis of the provenance of ancient Yaozhou porcelain body

The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the sample of Yaozhou porcelain bodies,Then a fuzzy cluster analsis has been conducted to the NAA data and a diagram of the dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis has been achived,The results indicate that the batch of ancient Yaozhou porcelain bodies,which were of different overglaze color and were produced by different kilns during a period of over 800 years from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) to the Yuan Dyansty(1271-1368 A.D.) ,has shared a stable and concentrated raw material source,Provenances of porcelain bodies from different times ,though having their specific independence ,enjoy a close relationship and are not far from one another,Provenances of porcelain bodies made during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties (907-960 A.D.)are found to be closer to one another,while those of the Song (960-1279A.D.) and the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 A.D.)are comparatively concentrated in certain areas and are different from those of the Tang Dynasty .Both the tri-colored glazed pottery made in Yaozhou kilns during the Tang Dynasty and the Yaozhou porcelain bodies of the Tang period are from the same provenance.     

Pitfalls in the analysis of ancient human mtDNA

The retrieval of DNA from ancient human specimens is not always successful owing to DNA deterioration and contamination although it is vital to provide new insights into the genetic structure of ancient people and to reconstruct the past history. Normally, only short DNA fragments can be retrieved from the ancient specimens. How to identify the authenticity of DNA obtained and to uncover the information it contained are difficult. We employed the ancient mtDNAs reported from Central Asia (including Xinjiang, China) as an example to discern potentially extraneous DNA contamination based on the updated mtDNA phylogeny derived from mtDNA control region, coding region, as well as complete sequence information. Our results demonstrated that many mtDNAs reported are more or less problematic.Startim, from a reliable mtDNA phylogeney and combining the available modern data into analysis, one can ascertain the authenticity of the ancient DNA, distinguish the potential errors in a data set, and efficiently decipher the meager information it harbored. The reappraisal of the mtDNAs with the age of more than 2000 years from Central Asia gave support to the suggestion of extensively (pre)historical gene admixture in this region.     

《算数书》"以(四)材方"、"以方材(四)"两问校证

张家山汉墓出土《算数书》中“以最材方”、“以方材最”两问是《算数书》校勘工作的难点之一。文章在分析前人校勘得失的基础上,采其所长,根据古人误认二问互逆、脱简等方面的情况,对二问文字进行了新的校勘。     

15年:从高中生到大学教授——2007年启明星(跟踪)计划入选者万颖的故事

万颖(右图)是今年入选启明星(跟踪)计划的一位从事环境污染物治理的化学博士,现为上海师范大学生命环境学院教授。2003年,30岁不到的她在学校通过打擂台的方式(即不占系里的晋升职称名额)破格申请到了副教授。一年前,她再度以这种方式申请到了教授职称。这位15年前还在老家山西阳泉(中国著名的无烟煤生产基地)读高中的女孩,     

新疆柯坪地区新元古代晚期地层碳同位素组成及其对比

新疆柯坪地区新元古代晚期海相碳酸盐岩地层的碳同位素测定结果表明: 奇格布拉克组和苏盖特布拉克组上亚组碳同位素组成总体以正δ¹³C值为主, 并且在奇格布拉克组下部出现了一个明显的 δ¹³C正漂移; 在寒武系与奇格布拉克组之间、苏盖特布拉克组上亚组顶部及底部等3个层位出现了3个δ¹³C负漂移. 这些特征与华南三峡地区新元古代晚期碳同位素变化特征相似, 表明苏盖特布拉克组上亚组和奇格布拉克组分别相当于三峡地区的陡山沱组中、上部和灯影组. 其中苏盖特布拉克组上亚组顶部的δ¹³C负漂移对应于三峡地区陡山沱组顶部的负漂移, 而苏盖特布拉克组上亚组底部的δ¹³C负漂移可同陡山沱组中部以及库鲁克塔格地区汉格尔乔克组冰碛岩顶部的δ¹³C负漂移对比.     

评《扬雄方言校释汇证》

<方言>是我国第一部汉语方言学著作,在中国古代语言学史上占有重要地位.然流传时久,是书亦多错讹脱漏之处.清代学者戴震等人曾对其进行校订注释,但因所据版本及参考文献的局限,误漏时有;今人周祖谟曾于20世纪50年代,完成<方言校笺>一书,颇为学界推誉.然周书出版至今已近60年,随着对<方言>研究的深人,亟需有新的校注本出现.今华学诚<扬雄方言校释汇证>一书,广搜旧本,集前人校释心得和今人研究成果於一身,汇证诸家,梳理分析,实为<方言>校释的集大成之作.     

试论唐代进士的得官之艰

科举制度是中国古代自隋唐以来的最基本的选官制度,在唐代,它确实为统治阶级选拔了很多的人材,但也埋没了很多人材.本文简单介绍了唐代科考的一个侧面,就是进士及第后的情景,包括及第时的荣耀和吏部复试时的种种弊端,其中主要是后者.企图通过这一细节,让人们了解唐代科举考试的不为很多人知的另外一面,揭示统治阶级和当权者的压抑人才、摧残知识分子的腐朽性.     

古代青铜器铸造工艺研究现状

古代的青铜文物不但在艺术方面的成就令人惊叹,其铸造工艺也使后人为之折服.为了更好的研究古代青铜器的铸造工艺,介绍了理论分析法和实验分析法两大类现代研究方法,每类又细分为多种不同的研究方法,并以实例说明了这些方法对于古代青铜器的铸造工艺的研究是行之有效的.     

古希腊和古罗马剧场的声学研究

论述了古希腊与古罗马的剧场音质．该研究是由欧共体资助的ERATO项目“古代剧场和表演场所声学遗产的鉴定、评价与振兴”的一部分．该项目对古希腊与古罗马剧场进行了较详尽的调研．文中通过对若干保存得最好的古罗马剧场，如土耳其阿斯彭多斯剧场以及约旦杰拉斯南方剧场测量的脉冲响应进行深入的分析，探讨了其典型构造．同时对西塔库萨剧场建立了1：20的模型，进行了专门的声学测量．