湘西土家族传统民居营建仪式与技艺——基于彭善尧师傅的访谈

通过对湖南省非物质文化遗产保护名录代表性传承人、土家族木匠彭善尧师傅的访谈,梳理了湘西土家族传统民居营建过程中的仪式、习俗与技艺等内容,分析了土家族传统民居营建技艺传承的困境,并提出了相应的保护与传承建议。     

钒掺杂SnO2材料的电子结构和光学性质

基于密度泛函理论采用全势线性缀加平面波方法计算V掺杂SnO2后的电子态密度、能带结构、介电函数和吸收系数。结果表明:由于V的掺入,晶胞SnO2费米能级向导带方向移动,在费米能级附近形成新的电子占据态,出现杂质能带,这是由V-3d态和O-2p态电子杂化所形成;介电谱在0～3.0 eV之间时出现3个新的介电峰,在高能区介电谱主峰位置发生蓝移,峰值强度减少;吸收谱发生展宽,吸收谱与介电谱的峰相对应。     

磁控溅射氧化钛薄膜的光学性能

常温下,通过反应磁控溅射法在K9双面抛光玻璃基底上制备氧化钛薄膜．采用X线衍射（X—ray Diffraction,XRD）、光栅光谱仪和椭偏仪对氧化钛薄膜样品的结构和光学性能进行测试,并拟合分析得到薄膜的折射率和厚度等光学参数．结果表明：氧化钛纳米薄膜呈非晶态,其折射率和消光系数随波长的变化而变化,薄膜的透射率测量结果和理论计算结果在350—800nm光波范围内吻合良好．由于氧化钛薄膜的折射率高且在可见光波段吸收小、呈透明状,是用来构成一维光子晶体的理想组分,有关其光学性能的基础研究对光子晶体的结构设计及其器件的开发应用具有积极的意义．     

光学传感三维面形的测量方法探索

用投影式相移技术对被测面条纹进行计算机相移法的自动处理,设计实验光路,对被测面条纹进行图像采集,通过标定以及软件处理进行三维重建,可以观察到图像的三维结构,着力培养大学生的在实验中遇到问题的解决能力,对培养大学生创新实践能力具有重要意义。     

Optical turbulence profiling with single star SCIDAR technique

In order to characterize optical turbulence, we have developed a single star SCIDAR （SSS） for measurement of the distribution of Cn^2 with height. The SSS consists of a 40 cm telescope and a CCD camera for fast sampling of stellar scintillation pattern. Spatio- temporal auto and cross-correlation functions of the single star images are computed, providing vertical profiles of optical turbulence intensity C2（h） and wind speed V（h）. Using this new SSS experiment, profiles of turbulence can be obtained from the ground to the top of atmosphere, allowing the determination of seeing, isoplanatic angle and coherence time. Detailed characteristics of atmospheric optical turbulence are important for active and passive imaging, astronomical site testing, adaptive optics, laser communications, target tracking and designation, and laser beam control. We plan to improve the robotization of the SSS to be able to use it routinely even under harsh weather and altitude conditions that we expect to encounter on the high Tibetan plateau or at Dome A in Antarctica. SSS will also be applied for the site testing campaign of the future Chinese extremely large telescope.     

Analysis of variation trends and causes of aerosol optical depth in Shaanxi Province using MODIS data

The temporal and spatial variations and causes of aerosol optical depth （AOD） in Shaanxi Province were investigated based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） derived aerosol data for the period of March 2000-February 2012. The results showed that the distribution of aerosol was largely affected by topography and local economic activities. Heavy aero- sol loading and increasing tendency in AOD was observed in Guanzhong, Hanzhong and Ankang basin, while a reverse tendency was revealed in most other regions. The spatial distribution of aerosol Angstrom wavelength exponent was predominantly related to vegetation coverage in Shaanxi. Airborne dust from ground is an important source of coarse mode aerosols. Vegetation im- provement indicated by an increase in normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and a reduction in dust weather led to a gradual decrease in coarse mode AOD to the north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, while anthropogenic activities led to an in- crease in fine mode AOD in other areas except those covered by forests. The main aerosol type gradually shifted to the urban industrial type in Shaanxi.     

利用两台独立激光器的拍频方法监测激光频率的锁定

采用两束独立激光拍频的方法,利用中心波长为780 nm的TOPTICA半导体激光器作为参考光对另一台中心波长为780 nm的MOGLABS半导体激光器锁定频率的稳定性进行监测.为了获得最优的拍频信号,对拍频条件进行了观测,分析了待测激光的光强、待测激光束与参考激光束的夹角及其偏振方向夹角对拍频信号的影响.在拍频信号最优的情况下,得到拍频信号的漂移量为1.804 MHz,可以认为待测激光的锁定频率是比较稳定的.拍频的方法为激光频率的锁定提供了一种有效的监测手段.     

高压下固相硝基甲烷光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,计算了高压下固相硝基甲烷的光学性质.计算获得的基态结构参数与实验和其他的理论结果相吻合.光学性质的计算表明,光吸收出现在1.5eV,压强影响下发生红移,吸收峰加宽并向高能量方向移动.同时,还系统地研究了高压下固相硝基甲烷的介电函数、折射率、反射率、吸收系数和能量损失函数在30eV内的变化情况.     

中国艺术批评史理论与方法的建构

凌继尧先生主编的《中国艺术批评史》系统地阐述了从先秦到近代我国艺术批评思想发展的历史,从理论上和方法上为艺术批评和学科发展提供了成功的范式,构成了艺术批评研究的奠基文献,填补了中国艺术批评史的空白.作为我国第一部中国艺术批评史著作,该书对促进我国艺术学的进一步繁荣,推动我国高等艺术教育和人才培养的进一步发展,具有非常重要的现实意义.     

基于GUI的可视化光学实验的仿真

随着计算机运算性能的快速提高,以及仿真软件的功能越来越强大,光学实验仿真在优化光学系统和模拟设计的过程中迅速发展起来,仿真系统引起了人们广泛的关注.本课题利用Matlab软件对经典的光学实验进行数学建模,编程运算,然后对实验进行计算机仿真,最后创建人机交互式GUI界面.使用者只需通过改变输入参数就可以模拟不同条件下的不同光学实验的实验现象.最终成果是设计完成一个实用的光学实验仿真平台.