基于面源信息的F/39光路自动调焦技术研究

自动调焦技术在现代天文望远镜中发挥着重要作用。对于大型的空间望远镜,由于发射和在轨工作环境复杂,且常要求在多波段下工作,从而使得在轨自动调焦成为必不可少的一项关键技术。根据空间太阳望远镜[1](SolarSpaceTelescope,SST)F/39主光路在轨工作的调焦需求,在地面调焦实验系统中,以分辨率板为目标源进行了图像边缘法、图像标准差和图像熵等多种调焦判据的实验研究。结果表明,在所选取判据中,基于Sobel与Prewitt算子的图像边缘法只需加减运算,易于硬件实现且半峰值宽度小,波形陡峭,重复检焦精度达到0.06mm,在选取调焦判据中性能最优。     

中枢记忆性T细胞和效应记忆性T细胞

免疫记忆是适应性免疫应答的重要特征,其细胞学基础的阐明是疫苗开发和疾病预防的关键。近年来的研究表明,记忆性T细胞可以被进一步划分为中枢记忆性T细胞和外周记忆性T细胞2个亚群,它们的分布和功能迥异,在生物学特性上也不尽相同。二者关系的深入探讨对于免疫记忆的认识和疾病防治均具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

弱激光照射周氏新对虾心脏细胞的显微和超微结构观察

采用He-Ne激光照射周氏新对虾的心脏组织.组织学和生物统计学表明:He-Ne激光照射后,心脏组织具有明显异染色质的细胞数量有所增加.在同一照射强度的情况下,照射的时间越长,其心脏组织具有明显异染色质的细胞数量就越多;电镜观察结果表明:经过2 h照射立即取材的心肌细胞,细胞核形态发生变化,异染色质增加,线粒体出现空泡化、嵴断裂、水肿,粗面内质网出现扩张、颗粒脱落.     

太阳能集热型溶液再生器性能实验研究

采用CaCl2溶液、LiCl溶液、质量比1∶1的CaCl2和LiCl混合溶液,研究了空气入口温度、含湿量、空气流量、溶液流量、溶液进口温度、进口浓度对集热型再生器性能的影响.实验结果表明:较低的溶液进口浓度和空气入口含湿量以及较高的溶液进口温度能够增加再生量;而空气入口温度升高时,再生量仅略有增加;CaCl2溶液的再生性能最优,1∶1混合溶液次之,LiCl溶液的再生性能最差.     

Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability

Advances in our understanding of cardiac development have fuelled research into cellular approaches to myocardial repair of the damaged heart. In this collection of reviews we present recent advances into the basic mechanisms of heart development and the resident and non-resident progenitor cell populations that are currently being investigated as potential mediators of cardiac repair. Together these reviews illustrate that despite our current knowledge about how the heart is constructed, caution and much more research in this exciting field is essential. The current momentum to evaluate the potential for cardiac repair will in turn accelerate research into fundamental aspects of myocardial biology.     

Surface molecules regulating rolling and adhesion to endothelium of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells and their interaction

The extravasation of leukocytes and tumor cells is a multi-step process with the involvement of various adhesion molecules depending on the three steps rolling, adhesion, and diapedesis. We have developed an in vitro model, by which we investigated the rolling and adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma cells to lung endothelial cells under physiological flow-conditions. We found that norepinephrine had an inhibitory function on the fMLP-promoted adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes due to a down-regulation of β2-integrin. Furthermore, neutrophil granulocytes serve as linking cells for the interaction of the MDA-MB-468 cells with the endothelium, which are both β2-integrin negative, but express the β2-integrin ligand ICAM-1. In addition, we show here that N-cadherin is up-regulated on the endothelial cells and on neutrophil granulocytes in response to fMLP. This up-regulation resulted in a significant increase of adherent MDA-MB-468 cells, which are also N-cadherin positive. Received 3 September 2007; received after revision 17 October 2007; accepted 22 October 2007     

From endoderm to pancreas: a multistep journey

The formation of the vertebrate pancreas is a complex process that typifies the basic steps of embryonic development. It involves the establishment of competence, specification, signaling from neighboring tissues, morphogenesis, and the elaboration of tissue-specific genetic networks. A full analysis of this multistep process will help us to understand classic principles of embryonic development. Furthermore, this will provide the blueprint for experimental programming of pancreas formation from embryonic stem cells in the context of diabetes cell-therapy. Although in the past decade many studies have contributed to a solid foundation for understanding pancreatogenesis, important gaps persist in our knowledge of early pancreas formation. This review will summarize the current understanding of the early mechanisms coming into play to pattern the "pre-pancreatic" region within the endoderm and, gradually, specify the pancreatic tissue.     

包囊游仆虫细胞的类中间纤维细胞骨架体系

应用生化分级抽提,并结合DGD包埋 去包埋透射电镜样品制备方法显示,包囊游仆虫营养细胞和休眠细胞中,均存在由直径10 nm左右的单根纤维及单根纤维聚集成的纤维束为结构单元形成的类中间纤维细胞骨架体系.其中,营养细胞的类中间纤维构成的细胞质三维网架,在细胞膜内缘以较密集的纤维网占有了整个表质层,在表质层内缘的细胞质深部纤维形成较松散的网络,网内常见附着有细胞器及一些电子密度颗粒;核纤层位于大核核膜内缘,纤维紧密聚集成网;核骨架纤维网分布比较致密,未见有电子密度颗粒附着.休眠细胞中含有与营养细胞相似的纤维网架结构,但位于细胞内不同层次的纤维网比营养细胞中的同种结构要致密得多,这可能与纤毛虫形成包囊时细胞大范围的收缩有关.并且值得注意的是,在休眠细胞包囊壁的内层壁中也观察到相似于中间纤维的纤维网络,其纤维网均匀和致密地分布在整个包囊壁层中.电泳图谱显示,纤毛虫形成包囊后,保留了营养细胞中的部分蛋白条带,失去了部分条带,新产生了一些特异的条带.结果表明,包囊游仆虫的类中间纤维 核骨架体系,是细胞在营养条件下和休眠状态下都稳定存在的结构,它可能起到比微管类骨架更重要的作用.并且休眠细胞中该体系产生的一些特异蛋白条带,可能是纤毛虫休眠生命活动中的重要蛋白.     

有机玻璃自然老化和人工老化疲劳寿命的当量关系

根据有机玻璃人工加速老化的机理与自然老化的机理保持一致的原则,导出有机玻璃在应力作用下,其疲劳寿命与所接受的太阳紫外总辐射量及作用在其上应力之间的关系式;将该关系式应用于工程上,大大减少老化试验次数.将自然老化后与未老化的有机玻璃的疲劳强度进行比较,建立其疲劳强度下降率的变化规律关系式,可以估算在不同自然老化时期和在不同疲劳寿命下的疲劳强度下降率或疲劳强度.     

太阳能热泵生活热水供应装置的开发与研究

结合实验室条件,开发了适合北方地区双循环式太阳能辅助热泵热水装置,系统以消耗少量电能为代价,将太阳辐射能提高温度后用于生活热水的生产,具有节能,环保,布置灵活等特点,适用于局部和集中热水供应.课题组进行了供应生活热水的实验,测得能效比为2.5∶1.