壳层增强人造硅酸盐骨料性能

 壳层人造硅酸盐骨料是具有结构梯度和成分梯度的复合结构,内核为基体,壳层为增强相。壳层和内核通过水化产物的相互渗透、相互搭接在界面处融为一个整体,界面结合牢固。对不同掺量的砂加气混凝土（SAAC）粉末和粉煤灰加气混凝土（FAAC）粉末制备的硅酸盐骨料进行对比,发现壳层结构可提高人造硅酸盐骨料的筒压强度,壳层结构对SAAC系列骨料的筒压强度提高幅度达49.72%~80.50%;对FAAC系列骨料的筒压强度提高幅度为15.30%~25.74%。壳层与内核的最佳质量比为1：25,此时壳层厚度为68.09 μm,制备的壳层人造硅酸盐骨料的筒压强度比无壳时提高约25%。在砂浆基体相同,粗骨料体积份数相等的情况下,人造硅酸盐骨料混凝土比普通混凝土的抗压强度低6.38%,表观密度低20.74%,具有轻质高强的性能。     

硅酸盐熔体的物理化学性质研究进展及其应用

硅酸盐熔体具有高度的物理和化学活性, 是地球乃至其他类地行星内部物质和能量迁移的重要载体. 它们在地球内部层圈形成和演化的岩石学和动力学过程中发挥了关键作用. 充分了解高温高压条件下各种成分硅酸盐熔体的物理化学性质, 是正确认识与壳幔部分熔融相关的各种地质现象(如深部岩浆作用和火山喷发)的先决条件. 硅酸盐熔体自身的物理化学性质分为热力学性质(包括热力学状态函数和均相反应平衡常数)与动力学性质(包括迁移性质和均相反应速率常数). 针对硅酸盐熔体性质的研究, 近年来在高温高压实验和分析技术、计算方法(特别是第一原理分子动力学模拟)、理论模型以及熔体宏观性质与微观结构之间联系等方面都取得了很大进展. 通过与地球物理和地球化学观测的结合, 熔体性质领域的研究进展显著改进了我们对地球内部状态和地质过程的理解. 本文综述了硅酸盐熔体物理化学性质研究的成果和现状, 阐释了一些具有重要意义的应用实例, 并展望了该领域未来的研究趋势.     

Preparation and characterization of high-strength calcium silicate boards from coal-fired industrial solid wastes

To realize the comprehensive utilization of coal-fired industrial solid wastes, a novel high-strength board was prepared from calcium silicate slag, fly ash, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. The changes in mineral phases, chemical structure, and morphology during hydration were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A traditional board made from quartz and lime was prepared as a reference. The novel board not only consumes a lot of solid wastes, but also meets the strength requirement of the class-five calcium silicate board according to the Chinese Standard JC/T 564.2—2008. Microanalysis showed that hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H(I)), ettringite, tobermorite, and xonotlite were successively generated in the novel board by synergistic hydration of the mixed solid wastes. The board strength was improved by the formation of tobermorite and xonotlite but decreased by unhydrated quartz. It was demonstrated that quartz was not completely hydrated in the traditional board. As a result, the flexural strength of the traditional board was much lower than that of the novel board.     

近年来长江口水体主离子的变化特征及影响因素分析

通过对2004-2008年长江口徐六泾江水样品中主要离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO32-,SO42-,Cl-,NO3-和SiO32-)含量的月观测,以及对2008年9月长江下游调查,研究发现,长江河口水体主要离子浓度与径流呈现很好负相关关系,季节变化明显,但主离子浓度季节差异小于径流量的季节差异.河口水体中K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,NO3-,总硬度/总碱度有上升趋势,尤其以SO42-和总硬度/总碱度的上升趋势显著,SiO32-,HCO3-则表现出下降趋势.引起近年来长江口水体主离子浓度变化的影响因素为工业排放、环境酸化、循环盐和三峡蓄水等.     

硫铝酸盐与硅酸盐复合水泥研究

介绍了硅酸盐水泥熟料（立窑）．硫铝酸盐水泥熟料一硬石膏三元系统富硅酸盐水泥熟料（立窑）区域材料性能的发展规律．详细分析了组成材料和化学成分对复合水泥凝结时间和强度的影响．同时,对复合前后水泥的相关性能进行了对比,复合水泥凝结时间缩短,强度显著提高．     

熏烟处理对毛竹性能影响的研究

分别以竹炭窑和厂房式熏烟窑作为热处理设施,利用竹质燃料所产生的热蒸汽、烟气、温度,在预设的温度和湿度曲线下对竹材进行熏烟热处理,所得产品经野外耐久性观察和物理、化学、生物学方法检验,确认其已消除成长应力,并具有抗霉、抗虫、不翘曲、不裂变等性能,力学性能佳,耐候性强;经加工试验,得到了工艺表现优秀的产品.     

水性硅酸盐富锌涂层的SEM/EDS研究

利用自制的不同模数(SiO2/K2O摩尔比)硅酸钾溶液与锌粉复配制备成系列模数硅酸盐富锌涂料.采用场发射电子显微镜(SEM)研究了碳钢上水性硅酸钾富锌涂层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀形貌的变化,分析了水性硅酸钾溶液的模数对涂层结构及其防腐蚀性能的影响.采用能谱仪(EDS)测定了涂层在浸泡前及不同浸泡时期表面组成的变化,并据此分析了腐蚀产物对涂层结构和涂层防腐蚀性能的影响.结合腐蚀产物的X-ray衍射图谱(XRD)分析了腐蚀产物的组成.研究结果表明:水性硅酸钾溶液模数的增加有利于提高Zn粉颗粒间的粘接形成致密的富锌涂层.使用过程中该涂层的腐蚀产物能够增强涂层对腐蚀介质渗透的屏蔽效应,并与涂层中Zn粉对基材的阴极保护产生协同作用.     

中国南方红壤演化的矿物学特征

中国南方大面积的红壤是由母岩风化、淋溶、未经搬运残余形成的,其中尤以花岗岩、玄武岩上风化残存最为典型。通过对砖红壤、赤红壤、红壤的矿物学特性的分析,明显看出它们之间是通过一系列过渡而联系起来的,风化强度依次降低。发育于玄武岩的红壤较发育于花岗岩的红壤富铝化程度更高,质地更粘重,原生矿物较少。从母岩风化的角度来看,基性母岩比酸性母岩更易于风化。     

衡阳地区红砂岩声波参数及其应用

本文基于多年声波探测等试验,认为有必要、也可以利用纵波速（Vp）对衡阳市红砂岩风化程度进行分类,提出了分类Vp值指标,并对单轴极限抗压强度（Ra）与Vp进行了相关分析．     

A chemical index of weathering without effect of wind sorting: Fe/Mg ratios in the acid-insoluble phases of loess deposits

Chemical analysis of acid-insoluble fractions in loess and paleosols shows that concentrations of Fe and Mg were under control of wind sorting and post-depositional weathering-pedogenesis. The former caused Fe and Mg concentrated in the finer grain-size fractions, displaying synchronous variations, while the latter made Fe and Mg separated, leading to Fe retained in the weathered section and Mg leached out. Therefore, Fe/Mg ratios in the acid insoluble fraction of loess and paleosols can eliminate the effect of wind sorting and serve as an excellent proxy record on intensity of weathering-pedogenesis. Based on calculation, leaching percentage of Mg in the paleosol S1 from the Luochuan, Xifeng and Huanxian sections is 15%, 11% and 2%, respectively, and on average 9% for the paleosols S₂—S₁₄ from the Luochuan section, with the highest value amounting to 22% in S_5-1, suggesting the strongest weathering-pedogenesis.