杨官寨遗址土遗迹表面防风化保护材料研究

目的为了保护露天发掘的杨官寨遗址——中国首个发现的庙底沟时期完整环壕的大型聚落免受自然环境破坏,急需研究考古发掘现场遗迹表面防风化材料。方法通过实验室内测试分析,筛选并确定遗迹表面防风化材料种类、配方及施工工艺,然后应用于考古发掘现场加固实验。结果通过室内渗透加固效果、防雨抑菌能力及加固强度等方面的对比,确定采用加0.2%MP3005S保水剂的2%水性环氧作为现场遗迹的防风化材料。在杨官寨遗址发掘现场遗迹实际应用中发现,防风化材料能起到良好的保护作用。结论经过室内和现场的实验表明:添加0.2%MP3005S保水剂的2%水性环氧树脂能有效提高遗迹表面的强度,保证杨官寨遗址发掘现场遗迹考古信息的准确提取及其长久保存,可望推广应用到与杨官寨遗址相类似遗址表面防风化保护中,减小自然环境对遗迹的破坏。     

低合金耐候钢在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

利用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验对比研究了低合金钢A588和SPA--H在含氯离子环境下腐蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等方法分析了Ni、Mn对于低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:实验钢锈层中的物质主要由α--FeOOH、γ--FeOOH和Fe3O4组成,但其含量存在差异;Ni元素在内锈层含量高于外锈层,Mn元素在锈层的孔洞处富集;内锈层的致密程度高于外锈层;提高合金元素Mn和Ni的含量,可以提高内锈层的致密性,从而提高低合金钢的耐蚀性能.     

Clay mineral composition and their sources for the fluvial sediments of Taiwanese rivers

Located at the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate,the island of Taiwan is generally recognized as an important example in the MARGINS Program Science Plan and "source-to-sink" research because of its high tectonic activity,heavy rainfall and unique geography.Large suspended sediment loads are transported to the adjacent ocean by Taiwanese rivers every year,making Taiwan an important source of sediments into the adjacent seas and a natural laboratory for studying the systemic movement of fluvial sediments from source to sink.A detailed study on the clay mineral composition of surface sediments collected from the drainage basins of 12 Taiwanese rivers using X-ray diffraction methods was conducted.Our results indicated that the clay mineral assemblages consisted dominantly of illite(approximately 73%) and chlorite(approximately 24%),with lesser abundances of kaolinite(approximately 3%) and even lower levels of smectite from the Danshuei River sediments in northwestern Taiwan.The Jhuoshuei River sediments from western Taiwan contained clay mineral assemblages that consisted of illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 25%),but they lacked kaolinite and smectite.In southwestern Taiwan,the clay mineral assemblages were dominated by illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 23%),but had a low abundance of kaolinite(generally < 2%) and no smectite.The clay mineral assemblages in eastern Taiwan are obviously different from those in western parts of the island.The most noticeable difference is that the average abundance of chlorite in the Hualien River from eastern Taiwan was the highest(approximately 48%) of all the Taiwanese rivers.We concluded that,in general,the clay mineral assemblages in Taiwanese rivers were mainly composed of illite and chlorite with kaolinite and smectite being scarce,and these trends are different from those in China’s mainland rivers.The clay mineral composition shown in this study was primarily determined by the properties of the bedrock,and the differential weathering intensities of the drainage area.The surface sediments in Taiwan’s rivers showed a greater abundance of illite and chlorite because the outcropped rocks were mainly composed of Tertiary sedimentary rocks,especially sandstone,shale and slate,and show strong physical weathering.The relatively high relief and more abundant rainfall also caused the clay minerals in the fluvial sediments to be transported to the estuaries down rivers from the mountains and then delivered to the adjacent seas by currents and waves over a shorter time scale.     

差热分析在硅酸盐工业中的应用

差热分析技术是一种非常重要的现代测试技术,已成为研究材料分解过程、反应动力学、热化学反应机制等问题的重要研究手段,广泛应用于材料科学、热化学和热物理等领域.本文着重介绍了差热分析在硅酸盐工业(水泥、玻璃)中的具体应用以及节能技术应用问题.     

磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响及机理

研究在湿式磨矿条件下,十二胺和油酸钠作为捕收剂时,锆球和铁球作为磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响。通过对矿物表面动电位和X射线光电子能谱检测,分析磨矿介质对硅酸盐矿物浮选影响的机理。研究表明：十二胺作为捕收剂,低于最佳浮选pH值时,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英的浮选回收率均高于铁球湿磨,pH值继续升高,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨这四种硅酸盐矿物的浮选回收率相近；在pH值2~12范围内,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨长石的浮选回收率相近；油酸钠作为捕收剂,相同pH值条件下,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英的浮选回收率大多低于铁球湿磨。检测结果表明：锆球湿磨时,低于最佳浮选pH值条件下,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英表面电位低于铁球湿磨,因而十二胺作为捕收剂时这四种矿物的浮选回收率高于铁球湿磨；铁球湿磨时,油酸钠作为捕收剂,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英表面Fe含量明显增加,对这五种矿物起到活化作用,因而浮选回收率高于锆球湿磨。     

S355J2W 耐候钢火焰矫正区组织与性能

采用热模拟试验探讨耐候钢S355J2W对火焰矫正工艺参数的敏感性，对比分析显微硬度、力学性能及微观组织结构。结果表明，此类钢材对火焰矫正温度十分敏感，但当最高加热温度控制在750℃时，热模拟试件有最优的力学性能，硬度下降幅度最小，屈服强度与原始母材一致，弯曲性能完全满足要求，低温冲击功远高于合格母材最低冲击值。模拟试件的微观组织与原始母材接近，并且有弥散质点分布在铁素体晶界上。     

边坡工程耐久性研究分析

首先分析了边坡工程存在的耐久性问题,提出边坡工程抗疲劳、抗风化和抗腐蚀设计的思路.边坡工程存在合理的服役寿命,在风化、动荷载作用以及腐蚀环境下,边坡岩土的工程性能和锚固体性能将产生劣化,直接影响到边坡工程的安全性及耐久性.边坡工程耐久性设计是确保边坡长期稳定的重要措施,应全面考虑时间效应的抗腐蚀、抗疲劳、抗风化等问题的...     

5种改性硅酸盐填料对磷的吸附性研究

对沸石、膨胀蛭石、瓷砂陶粒、页岩陶粒和黏土陶粒5种硅酸盐填料改性前后对水中磷的吸附性进行了研究,并分析了硅酸盐填料投加量、吸附时间和pH等因素对磷去除率的影响.结果表明:改性前,膨胀蛭石对磷的吸附性最好,瓷砂陶粒次之,黏土陶粒、页岩陶粒和沸石较差.经过镁盐和铝盐改性后,改性膨胀蛭石除磷效果最好,其最佳使用条件为:填料用量10 g/L,pH 5～9,吸附时间60 min,此时磷去除率可达97%以上.     

硅酸钠模数对无机聚合物力学性能与微观结构的影响

用模数m=1.0、1.2、1.4和1.6的4种硅酸钠溶液作激发剂制备偏高岭土基无机聚合物,通过强度测试、红外分析(IR)、X线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法考察激发剂模数对无机聚合物力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:模数在1.0~1.6变化时,激发剂中硅氧四面体呈低聚合态;随养护时间延长,无机聚合物抗压强度和抗折强度提高,m=1.2的无机聚合物28 d抗压强度最高(74.6 MPa),抗折强度为11.2 MPa;4种无机聚合物主体相均呈非晶态,结构上由凝胶体和残留原料颗粒组成,其中,m=1.2时无机聚合物的显微结构最平整。     

硫改性硅酸盐吸附剂脱汞性能的实验研究

利用不同含S改性剂对天然硅酸盐矿物材料进行改性,制备了不同种类的有机、无机S改性吸附剂.用固定床反应器在模拟烟气条件下研究了几种改性吸附剂对单质汞的脱除能力.结果表明：单质S改性膨润土在70℃能脱除70%以上的汞,温度升高有利于汞脱除率的提高,但会减少吸附剂有效脱汞的持续时间;半胱氨酸改性凹凸棒石能脱除60%的单质汞,...