层状铝硅酸盐材料蒙脱土的吸附行为研究

在25~70℃的范围,进行了层状硅酸盐材料蒙脱土(MMT)对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB,溶液浓度c为0.004~0.016mol/L)吸附行为的试验与研究,用紫外可见分光光度计(UV)TU-1800SPC测定了溶液的浓度和吸附量。结果表明:蒙脱土对于稀CTAB溶液的室温吸附行为符合Freundlish关系,其平衡吸附量Г=11.75c2.25mol/g;吸附过程为三级反应,1/(2c2)与吸附时间t呈良好的线性关系;蒙脱土对于CTAB的吸附在较低温度下即能迅速进行,其反应速率k具有负的温度系数特征.     

石质文物风化程度超声波检测方法探讨

石质文物是文化遗产的一部分。由于年代久远,许多石质文物都遭受着严重的风化病害侵蚀。对石质文物的风化程度进行检测、评价,已经成为石质文物保护中一项紧迫的任务。从理论和方法上探讨了利用超声透射波和瑞雷波检测石质文物风化程度的可行性,并分别应用这两种方法对浙江义乌古月桥桥身条石、故宫汉白玉栏板以及北京西黄寺抱鼓石的风化程度进行了检测,取得了较好的效果。     

硅酸锂无机富锌涂料固化剂的研究

为提高硅酸锂无机富锌涂层的固化速度,改善漆膜性能,以硅酸锂水溶液为富锌涂料的粘结剂基料,在基料及富锌涂料中加入各种固化剂,通过浸涂方式在铁板表面涂膜干燥后分别在3％NaCl和5％NaNO3沸水溶液中进行耐水性能试验,研究了各种固化剂的加入方式、作用效果．对其作用机理进行了初步总结,提出了固化剂应具备的基本条件,为无机富锌涂料固化剂的选择及应用提供了理论依据．     

共沉淀法合成三硅酸镁及其微观分析

由Na_2O·nSiO_2和Mg(NO_3)_2经沉淀法合成了三硅酸镁,用450℃煅烧或酸化方法对合成的样品进行改性. 采用XRD、IR、TG/DTA和BET等表征手段,考察了原料加入顺序、酸化和煅烧过程对样品的结晶度和表面织构的影响规律,并对其影响机理进行了探讨. 结果表明,不同滴定顺序和不同活化方法制得的样品均为非晶态物质. TG/DTA分析显示不同滴定顺序样品的组成相同. pH对样品的表面织构有明显的影响. BET分析表明,Mg(NO_3)_2滴加入泡花碱溶液合成的样品为微孔材料,以1～3nm和0.7～0.9nm的微孔为主,比表面积达568.93m~2·g~(-1),水合硅酸镁含量较高. 泡花碱滴加入Mg(NO_3)_2合成的样品为大孔材料,比表面积为179.40m~2·g~(-1),水合硅酸镁含量降低. 煅烧和酸处理增加样品的结晶度,减少样品比表面积,并改变样品的孔径分布. 煅烧使中孔含量增加,形成中孔材料. 酸处理使Mg~(2+)被H~+取代,表面形成硅羟基基团,材料以中孔为主.     

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on anti-aging properties of polyurethane coating

Polyurethane nano-coatings were prepared by adding nano-concentrates with nanometer zinc oxide （nano-ZnO） to polyurethane coating. The dispersion state of nanoparticles was observed by TEM images. SEM observation and FT-IR analysis indicate that the nano-coating with 1% ZnO nanoparticles can retain better morphological structure than the nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles after 500 h accelerated aging. It is known from XPS analysis that the anti-oxidation properties of polyurethane coating are enhanced by 1% ZnO nanoparticles through the nano-network and destroyed by 5% ZnO nanoparticles due to the strong light catalysis. A small change in capacitances of nano-coatings with 1% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging indicates that 1% ZnO nanoparticles improve the corrosion resistance of coating, while a large increase in capacitances of nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging demonstrates that 5% ZnO nanoparticles damage the corrosion resistance of coating.     

Variations of geochemical compositions and the paleoclimatic significance of a loess-soil sequence from Garzê County of western Sichuan Province, China

The West Sichuan Plateau is located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the climate is mainly influenced by the Indian southwest summer monsoon and the Tibetan Plateau monsoon. In this study, detailed geochemical analysis has been carried out on Ganzisi loess-paleosol sequence in Ganzê County of western Sichuan Province. The results indicate that Ganzê loess and paleosol have experienced the incipient stage of chemical weathering in dust source regions, characterized by the decomposition of plagioclase which caused the depletion of mobile elements Na and Ca. The post-depositional chemical weathering is characterized by carbonate dissolution and oxidation of Fe2＋. The variations of some geochemical indexes （such as CIA values, Na/K and Fe2＋/ Fe3＋ ratios） in Ganzisi loess-paleosol sequence indicate a gradually decreased chemical weathering intensity in the dust source regions and deposition areas since 1.15 Ma BP consistent with the general increase of global ice volume, reflecting that the arid trend since 1.15 Ma BP in the southeast Tibetan Plateau is a regional response to the global climate change. The geochemical indexes in this section also reveal an obvious drying step occurred at about 250 ka BP in this region. We interpret this drying step as a result of decreased influence of the Indian southwest summer monsoon. This decrease in monsoon moisture is probably attributable to the uplift of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau at about 250 ka BP.     

钙矾石材料硬化体风化机理

采用了加速化学反应法、X射线衍射法、SEM法、TG和DT等方法对钙矾石材料硬化体的形成和风化反应过程以及钙矾石材料的各种物理化学特性进行了研究．结果发现,钙矾石风化的原因是大气中的CO2侵入到钙矾石材料内部,使它的硬化体结构分解粉化而失去强度．研究结果为钙矾石材料的工业化生产和应用提供了依据．     

水玻璃砂微波加热过程温度场测试与分析

通过系统测试和分析水玻璃砂在微波加热过程中的温度场,揭示了水玻璃砂微波加热的快速升温及型芯内外同时升温等特性。通过实验和分析,探讨了形成这些特性的原因。提出了微波加热过程中水玻璃砂型芯的升温主要依赖于水玻璃对微波的吸收的观点。     

纳米技术合成硅酸三钙及表征

以硅溶胶、硝酸钙为原料,尿素为燃料,采用燃烧法制备纳米硅酸三钙。研究了化学计量比、引燃温度对合成产物中游离氧化钙含量的影响。用乙二醇法测定产物中游离氧化钙的含量,x射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、Zeta电位及纳米粒度分析仪和微量热仪表征合成样品的物相、微观形貌、粒度分布和水化热。结果表明：化学计量比为0．24,引燃温度为700oC时,合成产物中游离氧化钙含量达到最低值2．0％;合成的纳米硅酸三钙颗粒为不同结晶程度且呈现多种形貌的颗粒,平均粒度为225．9nm;合成的纳米硅酸三钙水化放热峰值出现的时间为69．2s,峰值为2．4368mw／g,比传统水泥具有较高的水化活性。     

高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢WGJ510C2的研制及应用

对武流钢铁(集团)公司(以下简称武钢)研制的高性能耐火耐侯建筑用网WGJ520C2的力学性能、焊接性能、而火性能、时候性能及其典型应用进行了研究。试验结果表明：该钢具有优良的综合力学性能,在600℃温度下的届服强度均高于其室温下屈服强度的2／3。完全满足建筑结构用钢耐火安全性的强度许用指标;具有低的焊接冷裂纹敏感性．能承受大线能量(50～100kJ/cm)焊接;裸钢的耐火极限比Q235钢高出44％左右．在考虑建筑设计一级防火标准时,使用该钢可比使用Q235钢节省薄型防火涂料36．5%～50%．节省厚型防火涂料26％;经过1800h加速循环腐蚀以后．该钢的腐蚀率与Q235钢和0345网相比分别减少20%和29％;经过武汉10个月大气曝晒试验的结果也表明,该钢的耐候性能也明显优于Q235钢和0345钢。该钢在大型建筑应用中的实际效果良好。