浅析建设工程项目造价全过程控制措施

合理确定和控制工程造价,是建设工程项目的必要,也是提高投资成本的效益。工程造价的有效控制就是在优化建设方案、建设程序的各个阶段,采用一定的方法和措施,将工程造价的全过程控制在合理的范围和核定的造价限额以内,以求合理地使用人力、物力和财力,取得更好的经济效益。     

Follicles in pregnant rat ovary are incapable of steroidogenesis

Antral follicles are present in the ovaries throughout gestation. These follicles are “physically immature” and cannot ovulate under the induction of LH/hCG. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether follicles in pregnant rat ovaries are capable of steroidogenesis. StAR is believed to be the key regulator of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Antisense StAR probe and anti-StAR rabbit serum have been used to detect the StAR expression in ovarian follicles at various stages of pregnant rats. The results indicate that theca-interstitial cells and the membrane granulosa cells at the stages from the estrous or pre-estrous in the normal cycling rat ovary express StAR mRNA and its protein, whereas neither granulosa cells nor the theca cells in pregnant ovary throughout gestation express StAR. These results indicate that the pregnant follicles throughout gestation are incapable of steroidogenesis.     

工业园控制性详细规划中分层控制的探讨——以靖边能源化工综合利用产业园区为例

目的通过对靖边能源化工综合利用产业园区控规分层控制的总结,为妥善处理工业园区近远期开发时序的协调、规划调整的适应性提供借鉴参考。方法结合实际和具体的规划案例分析。结果通过宏观、中观、微观3个层面实现工业园区分层控制,解决现行工业园区规划缺乏灵活性的问题,变被动控制为主动引导。结论提出通过工业园分层控制的思路,为近远期的开发控制制定不同深度的控制要求,建立不同的指标体系和建设标准,增加规划控制的弹性。     

我国食品安全风险来源与监管策略研究

从食品安全风险涉及的食品种类、风险发生的供应链环节、风险形成的本质原因、风险产生的责任主体四个要素入手,对2001—2011年的3 484个食品安全事件进行了定性分析和统计描述分析,得出了我国食品安全的4个风险来源关键点分别是肉制品、深加工环节、要素用量不当、个体生产经营者的结论.针对上述风险来源关键点,提出了严格规范食品行业要素使用,加强对个体生产经营者的监管,增强对深加工环节的管理和控制,强化对食品安全风险较高食品种类监管的政策建议.     

我国食物（食品）质量安全存在的主要问题及应对措施

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的基本生活资料,如果食品安全无法得到保证,人类的生存与发展就会受到威胁。事实上,食品安全问题是世界各国都面临的一个难题。2011年3月的双汇＂瘦肉精事件＂尘埃未落,＂毒血旺＂、＂牛肉膏＂、＂染色馒头＂等食品安全事件又接踵而至,引起了国家领导人和政府相关部门的空前重视.本文以科学发展观为指导,贯穿以人为本的理念,围绕树立大质量观和＂以质取胜＂战略要求,阐述了当前食物（食品）质量安全的现状,分析了当前我国食物（食品）质量安全存在的问题以及产生的原因,在此基础上,提出了6项措施.1）全社会共同参食物（食品）质量安全工作;2）关注食物（食品）质量安全;3）控制食物（食品）污染;4）建立食物（食品）质量安全信息服务;5）加强食物（食品）质量安全监管体系建设;6）注重产品食物（食品）质量安全国际交流与合作.     

大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁的施工控制措施及测试

通过分析大跨径连续梁桥施工控制的方法、对箱行截面的温度场进行观测，并用观测结果剔除温度对施工控制的影响，提出大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁施工应力监测的一些具体概念及在监测中应注意的一些相关问题。     

Genomic sources of regulatory variation in cis and in trans

Regulatory variation results from genetic changes with both cis and trans acting effects on gene expression. Here I describe the types of genetic variants that alter cis and trans regulation and discuss differences in the potential for cis and trans changes among different classes of genes. I argue that the molecular function of the protein encoded by each gene and how the gene is wired into the genomic regulatory network may influence its propensity for cis and trans regulatory changes.Received 15 February 2005; received after revision 12 April 2005; accepted 26 April 2005     

The evolution of domain arrangements in proteins and interaction networks

Proteins are composed of domains, which are conserved evolutionary units that often also correspond to functional units and can frequently be detected with reasonable reliability using computational methods. Most proteins consist of two or more domains, giving rise to a variety of combinations of domains. Another level of complexity arises because proteins themselves can form complexes with small molecules, nucleic acids and other proteins. The networks of both domain combinations and protein interactions can be conceptualised as graphs, and these graphs can be analysed conveniently by computational methods. In this review we summarise facts and hypotheses about the evolution of domains in multi-domain proteins and protein complexes, and the tools and data resources available to study them.Received 20 September 2004; received after revision 23 October 2004; accepted 1 November 2004     

Self and non-self discrimination is needed for the existence rather than deletion of autoimmunity: the role of regulatory T cells in protective autoimmunity

Autoimmune T cells have been viewed for decades as an outcome of immune system malfunction, and specifically as a failure to distinguish between components of self and non-self. The need for discrimination between self and non-self as a way to avoid autoimmunity has been repeatedly debated over the years. Recent studies suggest that autoimmunity, at least in the nervous system, is the bodys defense mechanism against deviations from the normal. The ability to harness neuroprotective autoimmunity upon need is evidently allowed by naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, which are themselves controlled by brain-derived compounds. These findings challenge widely accepted concepts of the need for discrimination between self and non-self, as they suggest that while such discrimination is indeed required, it is needed not as a way to avoid an anti-self response but to ensure its proper regulation. Whereas a response to non-self can be self-limited by a decreased presence of the relevant antigen, the response to self needs a mechanism for strict control, such as that provided by the naturally occurring regulatory T cells.Received 8 June 2004; accepted 6 July 2004