韩国科技管理体制发展与演变探析

自20世纪60年代以来,韩国的科技发展取得了巨大的成就,其科技管理体制发挥了重要的作用.针对韩国科技管理体制形成与发展演变过程中经历的科技管理体系初步形成,以科技部为宏观管理决策部门的集中协调型管理体制,以及李明博政府对科技管理体制的重大调整等三个重要阶段进行了系统的分析研究,并对韩国科技管理体制的特点进行了总结和讨论.     

华西雨屏区不同人工植被类型下土壤氮库及其有效性

为了解华西雨屏区人工植被类型对土壤氮库及其有效性的影响,选取华西雨屏区7种典型人工植被类型：橘树（Glycosmis cochinchinensi5）迹地、橘树林地、巨桉（Eucalyptus grandis）林地、玉米（Zeamays）地、香樟（Cinnamonum camphora）林地、柚子（Citrus mnxima）林地和桃树（Pmnnus persica）林地,于2010年7月分别采集土壤根层与根下层原状土样,分析其氮库及有效性。结果表明,华西雨屏区几种典型人工植被类型均表现出较大的氮库特征,但不同人工植被类型间具有较大的差异。相对于其他植被类型,玉米地根层和根下层土壤氮库均相对较小,而橘树、柚子和桃树林地根层土壤氮库相对较大,巨桉、香樟和桃树林地根下层土壤氮库相对较大。然而,玉米地具有较高的根层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,但巨桉林地具有较低的根下层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量。这些结果为区域氮素合理利用、土地利用结构调整以及生态环境建设提供了一定理论依据。     

New montane,subterranean congeners of a littoral millipede,genus Thalassisobates (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae)

Two new species are described in the hitherto monotypic genus Thalassisobates Vehoeff, 1908: T. emesesensis sp. nov. from the mesovoid shallow stratum of La Gomera (Canary Islands), and T. almeriensis sp. nov. from a cave in Almería, southern continental Spain. Notes on the morphology and distribution of T. littoralis (Silvestri, 1903 Silvestri, F. 1903. “Isobates littoralis Silvestri n.sp. (in litt.). – Fasc. XCIX, N.9”. In Berlese, A.: Acari Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italie reperta  [Google Scholar]) are given, and the monophyly and relationships of Thalassisobates are discussed. Other examples of arthropod genera with a similar habitat duality: marine littoral on one side, and subterranean montane on the other, are given. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6455CE47-E9DB-4A9D-8074-D0D87A7816C2     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

I am knowledge. Get me out of here! On localism and the universality of science

It has become increasingly common in historiography of science to understand science and its products as inherently local. However, this orientation is faced with three problems. First, how can one explain the seeming universality of contemporary science? Second, if science is so reflective of its local conditions of production, how can it travel so effortlessly to other localities and even globally? And third, how can scientific knowledge attain validity outside its context of origin? I will argue that the notion of standardization and theories of delocalization manage to explain the ‘globality’ of science, but that localism denies ‘universality’ if it is understood non-spatially. Further, localism limits the validity of scientific knowledge unacceptably inside the laboratory walls or other boundaries of knowledge creation. This is not consistent with scientific practice. I will consider on what grounds extra-local knowledge inferences that transcend the boundaries of locality could be seen as justified.     

复杂性管理对企业核心竞争力的提升

在分析企业系统复杂性影响因素的基础上,指出企业可以通过合理配置复杂性、组织设计、文化建设等方面降低不合理的复杂性;提高个体认知和处理复杂性的能力;为增加有效复杂性提供空间;形成企业核心竞争力。     

基于Choquet积分的多属性正态分布区间数决策方法

在Choquet积分的基础上,提出了正态分布区间数的关联有序平均（NDINCOA）算子。该算子不仅考虑了属性的重要性,而且能够反映出属性的相互关系。值得指出的是存在的一些正态分布区间数平均算子都是该算子的特例。最后举例说明了该算子在不确定多属性决策中的应用,结果表明该方法是可行的。     

背景、立场、问题及其命运(上)——评20世纪90年代以来的大陆新儒家

20世纪90年代以来,中国大陆涌现出了形形色色的新儒家."大陆新儒家"主要就是指在贵阳儒学会讲中集体亮相的蒋庆、陈明、康晓光、盛洪等人.对大陆新儒家的出场的背景、立场作了深入分析,并对其所面临的理论问题作了探究.     

外力作用下平面密排钢珠结构中力的分布研究

利用统计和对称情况各向等概率的分析方法,定量研究了外力作用下平面密排钢珠系统结构中力的作用情况和分布情况,并得出了系统内部不同区域力的分布规律。     

基于共形阵的角度和极化信息联合估计算法

针对复杂载体上共形阵列存在多极化接收和遮挡效应的问题,本文提出一种基于方向图矩阵重构导向矢量的改进极化多重信号分类(multiple signal classification, MUSIC)算法。首先对共形天线阵列进行建模,在获取各个阵元的方位和俯仰分量方向图数据后,将方向图数据分解并重构阵列的导向矢量矩阵,最后结合极化MUSIC算法进行波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)和极化参数联合估计。相对于理论导向矢量的极化MUSIC算法,本文所提改进算法在解决了遮挡效应的同时具有更高的估计精度,并可有效降低运算量。仿真实验结果验证了这一结论。