4-Hydroxynonenal-modified amyloid-beta peptide inhibits the proteasome: possible importance in Alzheimer's disease

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a 4-kDa species derived from the amyloid precursor protein, which accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Although we lack full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of selective neuron death, considerable data do imply roles for both the toxic Aβ and increased oxidative stress. Another significant observation is the accumulation of abnormal, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins in affected neurons, suggesting dysfunction of the proteasome proteolytic system in these cells. Recent reports have indicated that Aβ can bind and inhibit the proteasome, the major cytoslic protease for degrading damaged and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Earlier results from our laboratory showed that moderately oxidized proteins are preferentially recognized and degraded by the proteasome; however, severely oxidized proteins cannot be easily degraded and, instead, inhibit the proteasome. We hypothesized that oxidatively modified Aβ might have a stronger (or weaker) inhibitory effect on the proteasome than does native Aβ. We therefore also investigated the proteasome inhibitory action of Aβ _1–40 (a peptide comprising the first 40 residues of Aβ) modified by the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide, and by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). H₂O₂ modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively poorer inhibitor of the purified human 20S proteasome. In contrast, HNE modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively more selective and efficient inhibitor of the degradation of fluorogenic peptides and oxidized protein substrates by human 20S proteasome. This interaction may contribute to certain pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease Received 26 September 2000; accepted 26 September 2000     

基于铅笔芯和多巴胺电聚合膜固定葡萄糖氧化酶的高灵敏酶电极

市售8B铅笔芯经镀铂处理后,将葡萄糖氧化酶共沉积到新型多巴胺电氧化聚合膜中,最外层再修饰聚邻氨基酚薄膜,研制出新型葡萄糖氧化酶修饰电极用于葡萄糖检测.     

球墨铸铁热浸镀铝的抗氧化性

为了延长铸铁工件的使用寿命,采用熔剂法将墨铸铁热浸镀铝,对镀层截面进行了形貌观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和衍射分析(XRD),测试了镀层的抗氧化性.结果表明,镀层由表面富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3,Fe2Al5 物相组成,其形态呈舌状,并嵌入基体;氧化时镀层全部转变为扩散层,并能保持非常缓慢的退化速度,使球墨铸铁的抗氧化性显著提高.     

Photo Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols in Water under Natural Weathering Conditions in the Presence of Bromo Source

1 Results The oxidation of alcohols into the corresponding carbonyl compound is one of the most important functional group transformation in organic synthesis[1]. Traditionally,such transformations have been performed with stoichiometric inorganic oxidant or other high valent metal oxidant[2]. Despite a variety of systems for the catalytic oxidation of alcohols have been developed,there is ongoing interest in the search for new efficient and environmental friendly oxidation system.To the best of our kno...     

复合式氧化沟处理城市废水运行条件的控制研究

采用复合式氧化沟工艺处理城市污水,并对系统的运行条件进行了探讨.实验结果表明:当水停留时间HRT≥30 h,COD、BOD5和氨氮的去除率保持在96%、97%和93%以上,当HRT分别为20 h和10 h时,COD、BOD5和氨氮分别为90%、94%、87%和86%、92%、83%;重点考察在HRT为20 h时,COD的浓度范围从125.3~492 mg/L,氨氮的浓度范围为20~32.91 mg/L,但是它们的去除率维持在90%以上,系统对污染物有更高更稳定的去除效果,而且系统对冲击负荷也有很强的适应性.     

薯片加工废水处理工程设计

介绍了薯片加工废水的组成、水量及水质,阐述了废水处理工艺流程,分析了处理效果、工程投资及运行成本。     

电催化氧化水中苯酚的循环伏安特性研究

采用循环伏安法考察了水中有机污染物苯酚在电极上的电催化氧化行为,并介绍了苯酚在不同介质中的电催化氧化降解途径.     

SiAlON材料的氧化行为

SiAlON材料在高温氧化气氛下的氧化行为和氧化机理一直是材料科学领域关注的焦点.本文综述了SiAlON材料氧化的相关研究,分析对比了单相和复相SiAlON材料的氧化行为,讨论了SiAlON材料的氧化影响因素以及氧化机理,指出了SiAlON材料氧化研究存在的问题.     

在硫代或连多硫酸根等中硫原子氧化数的确定方法

本文讨论了硫代、连多硫酸根等中所带电荷在不同位置时对氧化数所产生的影响,提出了确定硫代、连多硫酸根等中每个硫原子氧化数的方法。对有些硫代、连多硫酸根等所得的结果与某些教材和论著是不相同的。     

纳米ZnO膜光催化氧化测定化学需氧量的应用研究

提出了一种利用石英管负载的纳米ZnO膜光催化测定化学需氧量的方法.通过添加无机强氧化剂K₂Cr₂O₇提高光催化体系对有机物的降解效率，在光催化氧化有机物的同时,K₂Cr₂O₇也会被纳米ZnO表面的光生电子还原为Cr(Ⅲ)，根据Cr(Ⅲ)浓度的变化量确定水样化学需氧量的值.实验结果表明，在50~1 000 mg/L的COD范围内，Cr(Ⅲ)浓度的变化量与标准水样中的COD_Cr值成正比例关系，检出限为20 mg/L.将该方法用于实际水样检测，分析时间短，减少了二次污染，光催化反应后水样无需后处理可直接进行测定,且与国家COD标准分析法具有好的相关性.