森林面积分布系统的最优控制存在性问题

本文研究森林面积分布系统的最优控制问题。本文将林木总和长消率作为控制变量，以“范数最小”来衡量其最优性，利用空间Ｌ＾２（０，Ｔ）Ｔ〉０的自反、光滑和严格凸性，给出了森林面积分布系统最优控制的一个存在性定理。     

甜菜皂素的提取及特性

甜菜皂素是一种天然的非离子型表面活性剂，用无机酸回流甜菜废丝，将所得的滤液蒸发浓缩至粘稠，再加入一定量的无水乙醇反复回流，脱色，纯化后得乳白色甜菜皂素片状晶体。     

科技英、俄语虚拟语气的简要比较

本文就科技英语和科技俄语的虚拟语气进行了简要对比。     

Methodological foundations of systems methodologies

In social systems science generally, and in management science particularly, recent developments in the variety of types of specific problem-solving methodologies (under the rubric of hard and soft systems approaches) have given an impetus to a line of inquiry, as well as debate on the nature of those methodologies. On the one hand, there has been the view that what we are witnessing is a form of Kuhnian crisis. On the other hand, a complementarist view of developments has been argued and a contingency approach proposed. But one thing has been common among the competing views: a belief that the prospects for further advances in the design and application of those methodologies, and in resolving the current controversies, lie in serious attempts to reconsider and clarify the underlying metatheoretical assumptions and concerns. This paper is an attempt to contribute to such an endeavor. A brief exposition of three methodological foundations (namely, empiricism, hermeneutics, and critique) is made, not only with the purpose of highlighting the nature as well as the limits of their epistemological and ethical claims, but also as a basis for illuminating both the nature of contemporary work on systems inquiry, design, and problem solving and the ongoing debate on what constitutes appropriate criteria for choice of specific methodologies.     

“变截面管中跨声速气流”一文引理的证明

本文对T·P·Liu教授关于“变截面管中跨声速气流”一文的关键性引理给出一个清楚的证明,以使这篇有影响的开创性论文更加完美。     

Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

铁路信号技术进步对铁路运输的贡献

本文用“等效长度”的概念研究并计算了铁路信号技术进步在换算周转量增长中的贡献.依据有关数据,分析并提出了具体的计算方法,算出了铁路信号技术进步的贡献占铁路运输各部门技术进步总贡献的16.49％～20.77％.其中,还未包括为确保行车安全所作出的贡献.     

Wine technology: Current trends

Conclusion Current enological research does not aim at developing technological wines whose organoleptic characteristics are basically determined by the methods used in the transformation of grape wine, but rather to refine methods which will highlight the original qualities of different cultivars and viticultural conditions.     

电子束熔化成形与锻造Ti6Al4V合金的腐蚀行为对比研究

本工作采用电化学工作站研究了电子束熔化技术（EBM）成形TC4样品和传统锻造TC4在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明EBM成形TC4样品的非平衡微观结构使其与传统锻造的TC4相比,表现出不同的耐腐蚀性. EBM成形TC4样品与锻件TC4相比,EBM成形样品不同平面存在耐蚀性差异,而且EBM水平面大于锻件,EBM垂直面小于锻件. EBM成形TC4样品垂直面出现的腐蚀性能的各向异性主要是β柱状晶导致的. 在腐蚀的过程中,点蚀优先发生在α晶界,因为晶界能量较高,形成多孔的钝化层. 本项工作有助于丰富增材制造制备TC4合金在航空钛合金领域的腐蚀性能研究.