Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms

Autophagic degradation of cytoplasm (including protein, RNA etc.) is a non-selective bulk process, as indicated by ultrastructural evidence and by the similarity in autophagic sequestration rates of various cytosolic enzymes with different half-lives. The initial autophagic sequestration step, performed by a poorly-characterized organelle called a phagophore, is subject tofeedback inhibition by purines and amino acids, the effect of the latter being potentiated by insulin and antagonized by glucagon. Epinephrine and other adrenergic agonists inhibit autophagic sequestration through a prazosin-sensitive ₁-adrenergic mechanism. The sequestration is also inhibited by cAMP and by protein phosphorylation as indicated by the effects of cyclic nucleotide analogues, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and okadaic acid.Asparagine specifically inhibits autophagic-lysosomal fusion without having any significant effects on autophagic sequestration, on intralysosomal degradation or on the endocytic pathway. Autophaged material that accumulates in prelysosomal vacuoles in the presence of asparagine is accessible to endocytosed enzymes, revealing the existence of an amphifunctional organelle, the amphisome. Evidence from several cell types suggests that endocytosis may be coupled to autophagy to a variable extent, and that the amphisome may play a central role as a collecting station for material destined for lysosomal degradation.Protein degradation can also take place in a salvage compartment closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this compartment unassembled protein chains are degraded by uncharacterized proteinases, while resident proteins roturn to the ER and assembled secretory and membrane proteins proceed through the Golgi apparatus. In thetrans-Golgi network some proteins are proteolytically processed by Ca²⁺-dependent proteinases; furthermore, this compartment sorts proteins to lysosomes, various membrane domains, endosomes or secretory vesicles/granules. Processing of both endogenous and exogenous proteins can occurr in endosomes, which may play a particularly important role in antigen processing and presentation. Proteins in endosomes or secretory compartments can either be exocytosed, or channeled to lysosomes for degradation. The switch mechanisms which decide between these options are subject to bioregulation by external agents (hormones and growth factors), and may play an important role in the control of protein uptake and secretion.     

非离子表面活性剂非均相光催化降解试验研究

以非离子型表面活性剂－脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚为目标污染物,投加适量光敏半导体为催化剂,在高压汞灯照射下进行实验,在探讨各种影响因素作用的基础上,提出了在弱紫外辐照下使ＡＥＯ－９降解的最佳条件组合,为逐步利用自然光源催化氧化表面活性剂提供科学依据。     

可持续发展目标下的区域经济系统调控

区域人地系统中各子系统间的耦合是实现区域可持续发展的基本条件。可以通过系统调控来实现各子系统间的耦合。     

药物盐酸曲普利啶热氧降解历程及动力学研究

采用热重法、微分热重法和差热分析法研究药物盐酸曲普利啶在空气流中的热氧降解历程及动力学,从而发现该药物的热氧降解过程由５个紧连步骤组成．用Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ方程进行动力学处理,确定盐酸曲普利啶热氧降解的表观反应级数均为１．１,反应活化能分别为６６．５,１１３．７,１１６．２,１５３．８和１８０．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

应用遥感资料获取库区水下地形的方法研究

对美国陆地卫星接收到的新安江水库七个不同时相的多波段ＴＭ数据图像资料进行计算机解译,按不同的库区水位解译出每个时相的水陆界线准确位置及求出水边线所包围的水域面积,然后按序进行图形叠加,经过整饰便可得到一幅库区的水下地形 图,根据卫星遥感的成像时间找出水库当时的实际水位,作出水库的水位－面积曲线,经新安江水库原设计的水位－面积曲线与用遥感方法提取的同等水位的面积值分析计算,其平均误差小于０．１１％,     

县乡级土地利用总体规划中的数据库结构设计

详细介绍了用改进的ＥＲ方法进行“县乡级土地利用总体规划”的数据库结构设计的基本原理和工作过程。     

电化学降解含酚焦化废水的研究

选用Ti／Ir2O3／RuO2为阳极，C-PTFE气体扩散电极为阴极降解模拟含酚焦化废水。利用正交实验，求出最佳操作条件。考察了苯酚浓度、电流密度、电解质浓度、pH值等因素对苯酚去除效率的影响。对电化学降解苯酚进行动力学分析，蛄果证明了其反应为一级动力学反应。     

湖南省耕地资源可持续利用的制约因素及对策

湖南省是全国的农业大省之一，耕地的可持续利用制约着国民经济和社会的可持续发展,湖南省人口增长过快，耕地重用轻养。城市化、工业化的快速发展厦农田生态环境脆弱等因素制约着湖南省耕地可持续利用．为了实现耕地的可持续利用，提出了控制人口增长，制定科学的城市发展规划，建立耕地预警制度，加强生态环境建设等措施．     

有毒生物难降解有机污染物的研究进展

对有毒生物难降解有机污染物（Persistent Toxic Substances,简称PTS）的特性、分布、迁移及来源进行了介绍,综述了目前对PTS的分析和控制处理方法,对光催化高级氧化技术处理PTS进行了阐述.     

城市土地质量评估方法研究

文章通过分析决定城市地价的相关因素，给出了对城市土地质量进行评级的模糊综合评估方法，使城市地价的确定更加客观规范。