先天性双侧输精管缺如患者的睾丸生殖病理学及睾丸精子观察

对先天性双侧输精管缺如不育患者,采用睾丸活检组织观察睾丸组织生殖病理学（n=18）及其睾丸精子（n＝8）特征。结果显示这类患者宰丸曲细精管界膜呈现不同程度的病理改变。大部分标本的曲细精管扩张,生精上皮变薄、剥落。精子发生障碍以轻、中度为主。间质无明显病变。睾丸组织切片（n＝18）见曲细精管腔内有精子,睾丸活检组织（n＝8）可分离出精子,睾丸精子可呈微弱运动,精于畸形率高。     

外界胁迫作用下塔里木河流域径流变化响应的敏感性

采用Pettitt检验法及累积距平等方法相互验证,合理地将历史长序列划分确定为基准期(1960—1971年)、改变期Ⅰ(1972—1985年)及改变期Ⅱ(1986—2015年)。采用基于Budyko假设的Choudhury公式和水量平衡方法,计算分析塔里木河流域径流变化对外界气候变化和人类活动的响应敏感性及其敏感性系数的空间分布。研究表明:(a)径流变化对人类活动的敏感性较高。(b)降水增加对径流增加起促进作用,而潜在蒸发和下垫面参数增加使径流减少;自基准期到改变期Ⅱ,径流变化对降水、潜在蒸散发和下垫面参数的敏感性系数显著增加,在改变期Ⅱ敏感性系数分别为1.26、-0.26、-1.88。(c)敏感性系数空间分布存在差异性,流域中下游敏感性系数较上游敏感性系数高。(d)根据径流变化的敏感性及时采取应对措施对流域水资源开发利用与调配管理具有积极作用。     

雄性斑腿泛树蛙两侧睾丸的对称性研究

雄性个体两侧睾丸大小的不对称性存在于很多动物类群.补偿假说认为当雄性一侧睾丸受损时,另一侧的睾丸可通过增强自身大小来补偿受损侧睾丸的功能降低,从而导致两侧睾丸大小之间产生不对称性.为检验这一假说,我们比较了斑腿泛树蛙两侧睾丸大小的差异性.研究发现雄性斑腿泛树蛙两侧睾丸大小之间不存在显著性差异,且两侧睾丸之间不对称性强度与雄性身体质量之间不存在相关性.本研究结果不支持Mller提出的睾丸补偿假说.     

随机占优检验统计量

针对风险厌恶人群给出随机占优统计量确定其极限分布过程,并通过Bootstrap方法确定分位点。     

Robust trading rule selection and forecasting accuracy

Trading rules performing well on a given data set seldom lead to promising out-of-sample results, a problem which is a consequence of the in-sample data snooping bias. Efforts to justify the selection of trading rules by assessing the out-of-sample performance will not really remedy this predica- ment either, because they are prone to be trapped in what is known as the out-of-sample data-snooping bias. Our approach to curb the data-snooping bias consists of constructing a framework for trading rule selection using a-priori robustness strategies, where robustness is gauged on the basis of time- series bootstrap and multi-objective criteria. This approach focuses thus on building robustness into the process of trading rule selection at an early stage, rather than on an ex-post assessment of trading rule fitness. Intra-day FX market data constitute the empirical basis of the proposed investigations. Trading rules are selected from a wide universe created by evolutionary computation tools. The authors show evidence of the benefit of this approach in terms of indirect forecasting accuracy when investing in FX markets.     

假设检验的案例与应用

分别介绍了参数假设检验和非参数假设检验两种方法,并通过案例分析了假设检验理论的应用,对抽样的数据进行推断分析,为以后的实际应用提供理论依据。     

Balance between facilitation and competition determines spatial patterns in a plant population

A considerable challenge in plant ecology is to understand how interactions,such as competition or facilitation,shape the spatial distribution of plants.The‘‘stress gradient hypothesis’’predicts that facilitation and competition will vary inversely across gradients of abiotic stress or consumer pressure.Surprisingly,few previous studies have explored how the balance between facilitation and competition affects spatial patterns along gradients of stress in a plant population based on field experiments.In order to investigate the effects of consumer pressure,facilitation,and competition on the spatial pattern of plant populations,we conducted a restoration succession series field experiment in the Inner Mongolian steppe in which sample sites of graded consumer pressure,specifically grazing stress,were established.We chose to examine the spatial patterns of Leymus chinensis,a dominant species in our experimental site.In order to test the‘‘stress gradient hypothesis,’’we applied the univariate O-ring statistic to analyze local neighborhood density at different spatial scales.We used the pair-correlation function to detect the characteristics of point patterns using complete spatial randomness,the Poisson cluster process,and the nested double-cluster process.We found that the local densities of L.chinensis were higher under high stress than lower stress environments.This demonstrated the‘‘stress gradient hypothesis’’in that facilitation and competition varied inversely across gradients of consumer pressure.However,we found nodifferences in the spatial patterns of L.chinensis based on complete spatial randomness when interactions shifted from facilitation to competition along gradients of consumer pressure.Furthermore,we detected the characteristics of point patterns using the Poisson cluster and nested doublecluster processes.The results showed the spatial patterns of L.chinensis to fit well with the nested double-cluster model under highly stressful conditions,while in lower stress environments they were best approximated by the Thomas process.Our results illustrate that a shift in interactions from facilitation to competition along gradients of consumer pressure can shape spatial patterns and that a combination of the Poisson cluster process and nested doublecluster process can detect spatial pattern characteristics which cannot be detected by complete spatial randomness.     

中国马褂木生活精细胞的分离及观察

成熟的中国马褂木花粉为二细胞型花粉。水合后，花粉内的生殖细胞分裂成一对精细胞。花粉培养液为１０％蔗糖的ＢＫ。培养环境为２４℃～２６℃，培养时间为６～８ｈ。本次研究应用荧光染色与冬青油透明技术观察了花粉中的营养核和生殖细胞，及后来的两精细胞。用同样的方法，也观察了精细胞在花粉管中的运动。成对的精细胞可以从花粉管中释放出来。用ＦＤＡ检测表明这些精细胞仍具有活力。     

中介语、语言输入假设和最近发展区三个概念的比较和联系

本文旨在通过比较和探询中介语(interlanguage),语言输入假设(input hypothesis)和最近发展区(ZPD:zone of proximal development)三个概念的联系,指出对外语教学的启示。笔者认为维果茨基(L.Vygosky)的最近发展区和Krashen提出的i 1有很强的内在联系,但两者考虑的角度、出发点不同,前者是目标和结果;后者是方法手段,两者都是在二语习得过程中不断前进变化的,这一过程就是学习者的中介语系统不断动态发展的过程。     

Model update mechanism for mean-shift tracking

1.INTRODUCTION Theefficientandrobusttrackingofobjectintheim agesequencesisalwaysachallengingtaskforcomput ervision.Mostoftheapplicationssuchassurveillance andmonitoringrequirethetrackershouldberobustto occlusion,changesinobjectappearanceandcamera positionincomplexenvironments.Recently,the mean shiftalgorithmiswidelyinthetrackingappli cation[1～4].Itisaneficientwaytolocateobject withoutdoingexhaustivesearch.Therefore,wepay moreattentiontothemodelupdateissuethatplaysan importantroleinrob…