Does the FRN in brain potentials reflect motivational/affective consequence of outcome evaluation?

Electrophysiological studies have utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural processes related to the evaluation of the outcome of behavioral performance or to the evaluation of external feedback. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in brain potentials has been shown to be sensitive to information indicating monetary loss or negative feedback. Since monetary loss usually indicates both the consequence of previous performance and the reward value of stimuli, it is controversial whether the FRN reflects the cognitive process of error detection per se and/or the motivational/affective process related to the subjective evaluation of the error. This study manipulated the motivational/affective significance of negative feedback by penalizing errors in a context-dependent way in a line judgment task. Participants could lose more money in the loss incentive condition or win less money in the win incentive condition if their subsequent judgment of line segments was less accurate, whereas they could receive performance feedback but without monetary incentive in the neutral condition. Results showed that the size of the FRN effect as well as the size of the P300 effect, as assessed by comparing brain responses to the error trials with the responses to the correct trials, increased linearly over the loss, neutral, and win conditions, suggesting that the FRN is sensitive to the motivational/affective evaluation of the performance outcome.     

Transient reconnection caused by non-homogenous dynamic pressure

It is proposed that local and transient reconnection in the plasma boundary layer can be caused by the impact and switch-off of non-homogenous dynamic pressure. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation is used to investigate the reconnection processes in these two cases. It is found that if the inflow is homogeneous, the reconnection will not take place; if the inflow is a shearing flow, no matter how great the shear of the flow is, the reconnection can be caused either during or after the impacting period. It is pointed out that a sudden stop of external force may be an important triggering mechanism of energy transformation and reconnection in the plasma boundary layer region.     

65Mn 弹簧钢的深冷处理工艺

针对国产收割机刀片寿命不高的问题，结合６５Ｍｎ钢制收割机刀片，研究探讨了弹簧钢的深冷处理工艺及显微组织与力学性能．研究结果表明，经深冷处理，明显改善了钢的多冲疲劳性能和耐磨性，其刀片的寿命是３３３．３ｈｍ２，高于德国的收割机刀片．     

空气冲击造型机快开阀开启运动的分析

依据空气动力学原理，建立了空气冲击造型机快开阀的开启运动方程，通过数值仿真计算，分析了快开阀的结构参数对快开阀开启运动的影响，为空气冲击造型机快开阀优化设计提供参考。     

浅论大学生思想政治教育工作中的情感作用

大学生思想政治教育已经成为大学教育的重要一环,而情感作为思想交流的载体,理应在思想政治教育中扮演重要的角色。但是,当前大学生思想政治教育的现状,情感的缺失是存在的主要问题。本文论述了如何将情感融入到大学生思想政治教育中去,使大学生思想政治教育更富成效。     

大小徐本相异之处研究

《说文解字》作为我国第一部全面系统的文字学著作,对后世产生了很深远的影响,与之相对产生了一门"說文学"。而《說文解字系传》作为第一本对《說文解字》进行全方位研究的著作,具有很高的研究价值。以大徐本作为参照,与小徐本进行对比研究,以期寻找小徐本的特色及对后世的影响所在。     

信息化战争环境对军人情感过程的影响及对策

在信息化战争条件下，交战双方都注重创造诱因影响对方参战军人情感，尽己所能努力创造诱因，使得战争性质日益复杂，信息化程度越来越高，战争残酷性骤然提高。加之，情绪控制武器的直接使用和心理战的广泛应用，使参战官兵在战场环境中容易产生恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、怯战等不良情感。针对这些问题和挑战，文中提出了一些行之有效的建议，旨在引导我军官兵在未来信息化战争中，预防和摒弃不良情感反应，在战场上从容应战，立于不败之地。     

试论“三不朽”思想对曹丕曹植兄弟的影响

三不朽思想的提出,为古代士人树立了人生价值目标,对他们的命运产生了深远的影响。曹丕和曹植作为建安文学的领军人物,对“三不朽”思想的接受各有偏重,纵观他们的一生,三不朽的影响贯穿始终。     

一类碰撞振子的周期解及稳定性

提出了一种基于打靶法的数值研究框架，得到了一类带阻尼的碰撞振子的周期解及其稳定性．     

钢珠对某型发动机压气机一级转子叶片撞击损伤研究

基于钢珠撞击钛合金平板叶片进气边的试验数据,通过模拟撞击过程与撞击结果,确定了仿真所需要的材料参数与计算参数。此后,以某型航空发动机一级转子叶片为研究对象,采用塑性随动硬化本构模型,利用ANSYS／LS-DYNA软件模拟了飞机起飞、降落过程中,叶片最大工作状态下,不同速度钢珠对叶片进气边同一部位的撞击损伤。为定量描述损伤规律,提出了相对能量和临界损伤能量的概念,发现:相对能量不仅能够反映外物质量(大小)及相对速度对叶片损伤的总效果,而且就文中研究的叶片而言,相对能量与损伤深度及损伤宽度呈指数关系,叶片的临界损伤能量值为6.6 J。