A Theoretical Approach for Estimating Fracture Toughness of Ductile Metals

Fracture toughness is very important when applying Damage Tolerance Design and Assessment Techniques. The traditional testing approach for obtaining fracture toughness values is costly and time consuming. In order to estimate the fracture toughness of ductile metals, the fracture mechanics theory, materials plastic deformation theory and materials constructive relationships are employed here. A series of formulae and a theoretical approach are presented to calculate fracture toughness values of different materials in the plane stress and plane strain conditions. Compared with test results, evaluated values have a good agreement.     

炸药材料特性对整体式MEFP成形的影响

为提高整体式多爆炸成形弹丸（MEFP）毁伤能力,采用LS-DYNA数值仿真软件对不同炸药材料下整体式MEFP成形过程进行了仿真研究,并对采用B炸药的战斗部进行了地面静爆验证试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好.研究表明随着炸药材料密度、爆速和爆压的增加,中心弹丸速度和长径比都得到大幅提高,中心弹丸侵彻能力增强;周边弹丸外形则由球形逐渐向长杆形发展,弹丸气动性减弱.炸药材料参数与毁伤元成形参数间呈抛物线变化规律,故可根据具体目标选择合适的炸药材料,以提高对目标的毁伤概率.     

激光重熔高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层的组织与断裂韧性

采用激光技术对高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层进行重熔处理.分析了重熔前后涂层的组织结构、物相成分、显微硬度与断裂韧性.结果表明:重熔后,喷涂层片层状堆叠结构与孔隙得到消除,组织结构变得均匀、致密,涂层与基体由机械结合变为冶金结合.喷涂层物相主要有α-Fe及金属间化合物AlFe₃,AlFe和Al_0.4Fe_0.6,重熔后,生成了新相Fe-Cr,［Fe, Ni］固溶体和碳化物NiC_○x.重熔后涂层的平均显微硬度为7.79GPa,约为基体硬度(2.5GPa)的3倍,约为喷涂层硬度(6.0GPa)的1.3倍.载荷为4.9,9.8N时,喷涂层的压痕尖头出现裂纹,涂层平均断裂韧性为1.20MPa·m^1/2,载荷为2.94~9.8N时,重熔后涂层的压痕尖头均没有观察到裂纹.     

含孔花岗岩破裂过程不同区域声发射特征

利用孔洞对声发射(AE)传播的阻隔作用,对AE探头监测区域进行分区.通过含孔花岗岩双轴加载破坏过程的AE多通道监测实验,研究了岩石变形破坏过程不同区域AE特征及其与破坏模式之间的关系.结果表明:试件的AE探头监测区域分为独测区、共测区、盲测区;试件共有两种破坏形式,“V”型和贯穿型;对于“V”型破坏的试件,主破裂发生在独测区,各通道的AE特征明显不同;对于贯穿型破坏试件,主破裂发生于共测区,各通道的AE特征较为相近.     

The primitive ontology of quantum physics: Guidelines for an assessment of the proposals

The paper seeks to make progress from stating primitive ontology theories of quantum physics—notably Bohmian mechanics, the GRW matter density theory and the GRW flash theory—to assessing these theories. Four criteria are set out: (a) internal coherence; (b) empirical adequacy; (c) relationship to other theories; and (d) explanatory value. The paper argues that the stock objections against these theories do not withstand scrutiny. Its focus then is on their explanatory value: they pursue different strategies to ground the textbook formalism of quantum mechanics, and they develop different explanations of quantum non-locality. In conclusion, it is argued that Bohmian mechanics offers a better prospect for making quantum non-locality intelligible than the GRW matter density theory and the GRW flash theory.     

爆燃压裂技术对水泥试样致裂实验研究

为模拟爆燃压裂技术的破岩效果和裂缝形态，进行了水泥试样致裂实验。制作了含有模拟射孔孔眼的ϕ244.5 mm套管，外维为ϕ1 600 mm×1 000 mm的水泥试样9组，并采用现场常用的航天复合推进剂和军工双基药进行实验。在实验基础上，与层内爆炸技术和重复强电冲击波技术进行储层致裂机理对比分析。研究表明，爆燃压裂技术对9组水泥试样具有100%致裂效果，裂缝条数在2~4条，裂缝缝宽在厘米级，且水泥试样的顶部缝宽要大于中部。随着火药用量减少，井筒内峰值压力减小，岩石裂缝条数减少，裂缝宽度减小。其造缝机理和形态有别于使用炸药的层内爆炸技术和使用脉冲功率负载及含能材料的可重复强电冲击波技术。     

Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity II: The search of the interface between QFT and QG

The main topics of this second part of a two-part essay are some consequences of the phenomenon of vacuum polarization as the most important physical manifestation of modular localization. Besides philosophically unexpected consequences, it has led to a new constructive “outside-inwards approach” in which the pointlike fields and the compactly localized operator algebras which they generate only appear from intersecting much simpler algebras localized in noncompact wedge regions whose generators have extremely mild almost free field behavior.Another consequence of vacuum polarization presented in this essay is the localization entropy near a causal horizon which follows a logarithmically modified area law in which a dimensionless area (the area divided by the square of dR where dR is the thickness of a light-sheet) appears. There are arguments that this logarithmically modified area law corresponds to the volume law of the standard heat bath thermal behavior. We also explain the symmetry enhancing effect of holographic projections onto the causal horizon of a region and show that the resulting infinite dimensional symmetry groups contain the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group. This essay is the second part of a partitioned longer paper.     

镇保隧道左幅进口洞口段变形及坍方处治方案

镇保隧道左幅进口进洞前后，洞口边仰坡变形开裂、洞内右侧初期支护大范围变形侵界、浅埋段地表沉降开裂滑塌及大坍方，文章阐述了如何对以上情况进行处理。     

岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形特征

开展了无周边约束条件下不同岩壁厚度结构面法向变形试验,结合结构面-岩壁系统刚度与系统厚度之间关系,得到了不同岩壁厚度条件下结构面-岩壁系统整体刚度的变化特征,以及岩体结构面刚度与结构面厚度.分析了不同周边约束条件下结构面刚度与闭合量之间的关系,提出了考虑岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形本构模型及其适用条件.进一步讨论了岩壁-结构面系统的结构和材料特征,分析了结构面法向刚度合理试验方法的重要性.本研究将有利于加深对结构面法向变形特征的理解与认识.     

航空铝合金预腐蚀疲劳寿命退化规律

航空铝合金材料在服役过程中常因腐蚀损伤而导致疲劳断裂问题,通过采用扫描电镜及疲劳寿命测试等方法,研究了不同预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金在不同应力比下疲劳寿命的影响,探讨了预腐蚀损伤对疲劳裂纹萌生扩展的影响机理.结果表明:预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金材料疲劳寿命的影响显著,材料的疲劳性能随着腐蚀损伤程度的增加而明显下降.同时建立了预腐蚀损伤对材料疲劳极限的影响系数C-T-R模型,材料疲劳极限的影响系数C随着预腐蚀时间的增加或者应力比R的增加而变大.断口分析表明,预腐蚀损伤的存在导致裂纹萌生寿命大大缩短,裂纹萌生由单源转变为多源,并且均萌生于腐蚀坑处.