Impact of technology advances on China’s CO2 emission reduction

Global warming tends to be the major characteristics of the dramatic global climate change. To deal with these changes, the impact of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission on Chinese future economic and social development has to be assessed. In this paper, a Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (RICE), which is well known and accepted widely, has been used for Chinese economic assessment of climate change after introduction, assimilation and verification. Based on a sensitivity analysis of technical parameters in the RICE model and constrained targets proposed for energy saving and emissions reduction technological advance programs of China from 2000 to 2050, the economic impact of the programs is examined. The results indicate that when technology advances, Chinese CO₂ emission, climate loss, and the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature will all decrease. It is assumed that in 2010, the CO₂ emission is 20% lower than in 2005, CO₂emission in 2050 would only double the level in 2000, the accumulative CO₂ emission would be decreased by 12.4 GtC, and the atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature in 2050 would reduce by 35 GtC and 0.04°C respectively from 2000 to 2050. The accumulative climate loss from 2000 to 2050 will drop down by 4.6 billion dollar, which only accounts for 6% of the global total benefits. However, the economic benefit the developed countries will obtain is 10 times that for China under such a technological advance scenario. The decrease of the CO₂ emission control rate is 1% in cooperation policy while 4.6% in non-cooperation policy, which would relieve China’s burden in the control of CO₂ total emission and thereby benefit China in participation of the international cooperation for CO₂ emission reduction.     

Structural deformation and fault activity of the Tan-Lu Fault zone in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene

The Tan-Lu Fault zone (TLFZ) is a significant fractural zone in eastern China and also a seismicity belt in North China. Based on total 4000-km-long shallow penetrated single seismic data with high-resolution, structural deformation and fault activity of the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene are discussed in detail. The results show that the TLFZ with a discontinuous distribution and a general NNE-trending consists of 14 active subfaults with an NNE or NE strike in the Bohai Sea. Seismic data reveal that de-formation zones along the subfaults in the central Bohai Sea and the Laizhou Bay are wider and more complex than those in the Liaodong Gulf. Related folds and lots of secondary normal faults which are characterized by nearly vertical fault planes and a same or reverse dip construct the fractural zone in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. Usually, micro symmetrical grabens develop on the top of anticlines. In the Liaodong Gulf, subfault fractural zones usually consist of secondary normal faults with the same inclination or opposite inclination. Ages of seismic sequences and cutting relation between subfaults and seismic sequences suggest that the latest faulting age of the TLFZ is the end of the late Pleistocene in the Liaodong Gulf and the early Holocene in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. There is a good match between distribution of earthquakes and that of the subfaults in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai. Statistical result shows that total vertical offset of the TLFZ since the late Pleistocene ranges from 6 to 11 m. On the basis of offsets of the subfaults, the vertical slip rate is calculated and results show that average vertical slip rates in the central Bohai Sea are larger than those in the Liaodong Gulf and the Laizhou Bay. Slip rates more than 0.06 mm/a during 23–10 ka B.P. and 85–65 ka B.P. are larger than those in other stages. The TLFZ was mainly dominated by tensional normal component since the late Pleistocene. Synthesizing shallow deformation, activity and distribution of earthquakes, the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea can be divided into three segments: the Laizhou-Bay segment, the Bozhong segment, and the Liaodong-Gulf segment.     

U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Wudangshan Group in the South Qinling and its geological significance

U-Pb dating was made by the LA-ICP-MS method for detrital zircons from the Wudangshan volcanic-sedimentary succession in the South Qinling. Samples comprise quartz sandstones of the Wudangshan Group collected from the base of the Yangping Formation and an upper layer of the Shuangtai Formation overlain its volcanic sequence, and two river-sand collections from the drainage systems cutting across the two formations, respectively. The results show that the Yangping detrital zircons are dominated by 830–780 Ma grains with a minor population of ~1.0–0.84 Ga and sporadic grains of ~2.6, ~2.4 and 2.0 Ga, whereas the Shuangtai zircons yield an upper intercept age of 763±33 Ma, identical to the timing of the Wudangshan volcanism within error, with few concordant grains of 1.9 and 0.86 Ga. Age spectra for the two river-sand samples are similar to those of the Yangping and Shuangtai Formations, respectively. It thus suggests that the Wudangshan strata are less than 780 Ma, whereas their major detrital zircon populations of 1.0–0.85 Ga and 830–780 Ma are consistent with timing of the Hannan magmatic activities along the northwestern margin of the South China Block. This suggests a Hannan or adjacent area provenance for the Wudangshan strata. The Wudang area is characterized by rift-related igneous events at ~755 and ~680 Ma, respectively, pointing to a tectono- magmatic history different from the Hannan area. It is inferred that the ~755 Ma magmatism is likely to indicate a separation of the South China Block from the supercontinent Rodinia, while the ~680 Ma event suggests a further split between the South Qinling and some unknown continent.     

Compositions of aliphatic des-A-triterpenes in the Hani peat deposit,Northeast China and its biological significance

Aliphatic des-A-triterpenes, the degradation products of pentacyclic triterpenes have been tentatively assigned in samples taken from a 963-cm-thick peat sequence from the Hani region of Northeast China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to understand and identify these des-A-triterpenes response to climate and ecology. The study indicates that aliphatic des-A-triterpenes are abundant in the Hani peat bog. The high relative abundance of the total des-A-triterpenes mainly occurs at the Holocene periods and is corresponding to the low sedimentation rate. The mechanism of des-A-triterpenes accumulation is not consistent with the previous studies. It is proposed that the biological community is also one influence factor. The obvious stage variations of the total des-A-triterpenes in the whole sequence reveal the different biological (microbes and plants) processes and responses, possibly revealing the four large replacements of biological community and functional composition in the swamp environment over the 16000 cal a BP. The low total des-A-triterpenes values occur at about 10200, 8700, 7700, 6600, 4480–3940 and 3040 cal a BP, reflecting the multiple millennial micro-environment oscillations under the macro-environment of the swamp during the Holocene. The ratios of diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DT/MT), des-A-lupane and diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DL/(DT+MT)), ratios of individual compounds exhibit vertical opposite to the total des-A-triterpenes. Namely, these ratios are high during the last deglaciation and late Holocene whereas they are low at other periods, indicating different compounds have different responses to micro-environment and microbial activities. This study discusses the diversity of biological community and biological functional composition response to micro-environment, which not only provides the complement in Northeast China, but also bears important fundamental information for the implication to ecological environment in the future.     

西部地区县级图书馆延伸服务的困境与对策

论述了西部地区县级图书馆开展延伸服务的重要意义,分析了开展延伸服务的困境,探讨了顺利开展延伸服务的基础保障,提出了延伸服务的路径选择。     

引滦入津输水隧洞混凝土裂缝处理探讨

介绍了引滦入津输水隧洞工程概况,基于对衬砌混凝土裂缝的两期补强加固治理,提出了一套较为合理完整的裂缝处理方案。     

1949—2008年热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次

为分析西北太平洋(含南中国海域)热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线影响频次的时间和空间分布规律,利用CMA提供的1949-2008年热带气旋最佳路径资料,采用统计和趋势分析等方法进行分析研究.结果表明,热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次存在较明显的盛衰周期性波动,其中盛期持续时间(6年左右)只有衰期持续时间(12年左右)的一半左右;每年8月西北太平洋热带气旋对中国沿海商船舫线的影响最为频繁,7月份所生成的热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线造成影响的可能性最大.热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响主要集中在海南至台湾海峡一带沿海水域,其中影响次数最多的为海南省以东18°N-21°N沿海水域,影响频次最高区域有明显的向北漂移的趋势.     

我国家蚕基础研究进展及探讨

本文探讨了家蚕基础研究的重要意义。通过比较世界各国在家蚕基础研究领域的部署,结合我国国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)相关项目的研究进展,总结了我国在家蚕前沿研究领域所取得的研究成果。同时通过比较我国与日本等国的家蚕研究现状,探讨了我国在相关研究中存在的主要问题,并对我国家蚕研究的发展提出了建议。     

简论《周易》由象及理的科学之道与人文之情融通

《周易》运用由象及理的思维方式,内含取象比类的思维方法,探究着宇宙(自然、社会和人的思维)的生命信息,贯穿着"推天道以明人事"的观念,表征了天道至理(科学之道)与人道意蕴(人文之情)的融通。二者的融通主要有"易与天地准"的科学观察与人文意蕴、"兼三才而两之"科学设定与人文德性、"八卦成列,象在其中"的科学推理与人文蕴涵和"设卦观象"的科学推论与人文德行等特征,以及"阴阳相薄"的动变平衡观、"保合太和"的宇宙和合观、"与时偕行"的人事权变观和"节以制度"的社会发展观等哲理。《周易》表面反映了先民们对宇宙生化的摹仿,实质是宇宙的物化之理印证到人的思想中生命之情的展现,对于消弭当代生态危机提供了一定的智力支持。     

“南极”术语翻译引发的思考:语言经济原则与非同质术语翻译

在当代的语言环境下,非同质术语做同质化翻译的现象并不鲜见。作者以地理术语“南极”一词的翻译为例展开讨论,阐明具有不同内涵概念的术语在翻译过程中会被简化为同形异义词,从而违反了术语学“一词一义”的原则。作者主张,对于非同质术语应力避同质化翻译;概念相近、内涵不同的同类词应有明显区别,专词专译,使它们的中文译名的区别如同英文原名那样鲜明。同时指出,社会文化导向对于非同质术语的正确翻译也是具有一定影响力的,在这一方面应予以重视。