蕨晚期配子体发育相关cDNA的克隆和初步研究

利用差异显示PCR技术比较蕨早、晚期配子体(颈卵器期)在mRNA水平上基因表达的差异. 经Reverse-Northern杂交证实获得了6个和颈卵器发育相关的cDNA,对其克隆并测序. 用BLAST和DNAStar分析了各片段间的序列同源性,发现这些序列与水稻、拟南芥、大肠杆菌和人的一些序列具有同源性.     

五指山小型猪PMSA6基因cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

为了对海南五指山小型猪蛋白酶体亚基α型6（proteasome subunit alpha type 6,PMSA6）cDNA基因进行克隆和生物信息学分析,笔者以构建的五指山小型猪外周血白细胞cDNA文库为材料,采用菌落PCR方法,克隆得到PMSA6全长cDNA,并向GenBank递交了该序列（登录号：FJ358606）．同时运用生物信息学软件对该基因核苷酸序列进行了分析,并预测了其编码蛋白的理化性质及二级结构等．生物信息学分析表明：该cDNA全长1029bp,5’非翻译区长96bp,3’非翻译区长192bp,含有一个741bp完整的开放阅读框,编码246个氨基酸．该蛋白的分子量为37．680kD,等电点为8．76．进一步比对分析发现,五指山小型猪PMSA6基因的核酸序列及其氨基酸序列与人、牛等哺乳动物具有很高的相似性．本研究成功克隆了海南五指山小型猪P肛SA6基因cDNA,并进行了相关生物信息学分析,为进一步研究PMSA6在动物体内的作用机理奠定了基础．     

人RNA解旋酶基因家族新成员DVH的克隆与初步功能研究

一条长3446bp 的人类新基因cDNA已从胎脑cDNA文库中被克隆,该cDNA克隆包长2583bp的开放读框,推测编码一条长860个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,预测分子质量为96．8ku,通过同源性比较及profile搜索,预测氨基酸序列显示出DExH-BOX RNA解旋酶基因家族特有的7保守基序及已知RNA解旋酶氨基酸序列的较高同源性,进一步通过蛋白质结构模型同已知RNA解旋酶结构的比较,可以认定其为一条人类RNA解旋酶基因家族新成员,通过基因编码的氨基酸序列中基序II D－E－V－H残基将其命名为DVH（DEVHbox Helicase),生物信息学手段结合DVH基因表达谱分析结果可推定DVH可能在胎儿发育过程中起作用,由于解旋基因家族同人类遗传疾病关系密切,以上结果可指导DVH基因的进一步功能研究并提示该,基因作为疾病侯选基因的可能性。     

Identification and functional analysis of 23 novel box C／D snoRNAs from Oryza sativa

In a cDNA library generated from rice small nuclear RNAs,30box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were identiffied through preliminary screen.Except 7 known snoRNAs such as U14,all snoRNAs were identified in rice for the first time experimentally.Among the 23 novel snoRNAs,11 snoRNAs appear rice-specific,6 snoRNAs are unique to plants,the remaining 6 snoRNAs have their counterparts in both Arabidopsis and yeast or mammals according to the conserved antisense sequencs that guide 2‘-O-ribose methylation of rRNA,17 of the 23 novel snoRNAs were predicted to guide 24 2‘‘-O-ribose methylations at the specificsites of rice 5.8S,18S,25S rRNAs,among which 19 methylated sites were determined by primer extension at low dNTP concentrations.The remaining 6 snoRNAs devoid of rRNA antisense elements may represent novel snoRNA species in rice.The results show that constructing a cDNA library from small nuclear RNAs is an effective experimental approach for novel snoRNA is identification.The novel snoRNAs are important in elucidating the genomic organization and expression of plant snoRNA genes and the mechanism through which 2‘‘-O-ribose methylations took place in rRNAs.     

Molecular evolution of scorpion a-toxins----Accelerated substitutions and functional divergence

Scorpion a-toxins are a family of toxic proteins with similar scaffold, but possess divergent pharmacological properties. Analysis of cDNA sequences reveals that the numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site ( K ) for 5' and 3' UTRs are smaller than those per synonymous site ( Ks) for the mature peptide-coding sequences, whereas the numbers of nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (-Ka) are close to or larger than Ks values for relevant pairs of cDNAs. These results, together with phylogenetic analysis, indicate that scorpion a-toxins have evolved by accelerated substitutions in the mature toxin regions. In addition, the 15 amino acids, absolutely conserved in all the scorpion a-toxins described so far. are mostly located in molecular interior, which may be involved in structural constraints for stabilizing the CSa(3 fold in evolution of these molecules. Four hot spot mutation sites in the molecular surface are found to distribute in the putative functional regions of a-toxins. suggesting that positive Darwinian selection drives the accelerated evolution of scorpion a-toxins. These findings reasonably explain the relationship between three-dimensional structure conservation and functional divergence of scorpion a-toxins and are of important value in guiding us in our engineering experiments to obtain higher affinity ligands to Na+ channels.     

大鼠4．5S snRNA的cDNA序列对荧光素酶基因表达的影响

利用脂质体转染法将大鼠4．5S snRNA cDNA重组载体转染小鼠肾离体培养细胞,连续培养48h,96h和144h检测荧光酶活性发现,4．5S snRNA cDNA插入表达载体的方向不同对荧光素酶基因表达的影响无差异,重组体转化的细胞中荧光素酶基因表达的活性与对照组相比提高2－2．2倍,4．5S snRNA cDNA对荧光素酶基因表达的影响,随转染细胞培养时间的延长而表达活性迅速下降,其下降速度实验组比对照组要快得多。     

植酸酶基因表达与调控机制研究(Ⅱ)──番茄幼苗cDNA文库构建与植酸酶基因筛选

采用异硫氰酸胍法从发芽３～４ｄ的番茄幼苗中提取出总ＲＮＡ,用Ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）纤维素亲和层析分离纯化ｍＲＮＡ．以ｍＲＮＡ为模板,Ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）为引物用逆转录法合成双链ｃＤＮＡ．将ｃＤＮＡ与ＥｃｏＲＩ接头连接后克隆到表达载体λｇｔ１１的单一ＥｃｏＲＩ位点,经体外包装后感染宿主菌Ｙ１０９０,成功地构建了完整的番茄幼苗ｃＤＮＡ文库．用颜色筛选法筛选重组子,然后用植酸酶抗体做探针进行免疫筛选,得到两个阳性克隆．挑取阳性克隆噬菌斑扩增后纯化ＤＮＡ,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,显示确有外源ＤＮＡ存在．该插入片断序列测定正在进行．     

用加端PCR技术改造h－IGF－1cDNA

用ＤＮＡ合成仪合成了分别带有ＰｓｔＩ位点和ＳａｌＩ位点及终止密码子的２个用于扩增ｈＩＧＦ－１ｃＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ引物．利用合成的引物，７００ｂｐ长的ｈＩＧＦ－１ｃＤＮＡ模板和Ｔａｑ聚合酶进行ＰＣＲ扩增．扩增产物经电泳鉴定后克隆进Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８载体，进行核苷酸序列分析．结果显示：ＰＣＲ产物含已发表的ｈＩＧＦ－１成熟蛋白的编码序列和５＇端的ＰＳｔＩ位点及３＇端的ＳａｉＩ位点及终止密码ＴＡＧ．用加端ＰＣＲ技术成功地扩增和改造了ｈＩＧＦ－１的编码序列．     

穿山龙液泡H+-ATPase c亚基基因片段的克隆

利用抑制消减杂交（SSH）和SMART技术，构建了3年生和1年生穿山龙（Dioscorea nipponica）根组织mRNA群体间正向差减cDNA文库．从34个随机测序的cDNA克隆中，发现了1个编码液泡H^＋-ATPase（V-H^＋-ATPase）c亚基的克隆，并命名为DnvHAc1（Accession No：DN792564）．序列同源性分析表明，其cDNA序列长486bp，3’端具有PolyA结构，其编码的氨基酸序列（115个氨基酸残基）也与多种植物的液泡H^＋-ATPase c亚基（16kDa proteolipids）具有较高同源性，具有3个跨膜疏水结构域，结构域Ⅲ为功能保守的区域，有dicyclohexylcarbodimide（DCCD）结合位点，Glu-92在调节液泡H^＋-ATPase具有重要作用．该研究结果为克隆其全长基因和进一步研究其在薯蓣皂甙次生代谢生物合成中的功能提供了重要的实验基础．     

Cloning of a novel phosphateserine aminotransferase gene from a Triticum aestivum-Elytrigia elongatum alien substitution line with resistance to powdery mildew

Shannong 551, a T. aestivum-E, elongatum alien substitution line with resistance to powdery mildew, was inoculated with pathogenic spores of powdery mildew. The leaf samples were prepared 48 h after inoculation for scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that germination of spores and growth of young mycelia on leaves of Shannong 551 were suppressed at the early stage of infection. At the same time, RNAs were prepared from the leaves for the cloning of WRP1 and RPW2 by cDNA RDA and RACE technology. BLAST analysis of the sequences indicated that both WRP1 and RPW2 were novel genes. WRPI contains no complete ORE RPW2 contains the conserved structure domain of aminotransferase, and its DNA sequence shares high homology with genes of phosphateserine aminotransferase in many organisms. Therefore, it is speculated as a novel phosphateserine aminotransferase gene. The results of Northern blot suggested that expression of RPW2 occurred at the early stage of infection by powdery mildew. Southern blot using the probe of RPW2, in which there was strong hybridizing signals in both genome of Shannong 551 and E. elongatum, but not in those of Jinan 13 and Lumai No.5, indicated that RPW2 derived from the genome of E. elongatum.