评蒯因的本体论承诺理论

蒯因用现代逻辑工具构造了一个比较完善的本体论承诺学说,把本体论重拾回哲学的殿堂,此理论有相当的贡献,但其局限性使其应用起来极为困难。     

Natural diversity: A neo-essentialist misconstrual of homeostatic property cluster theory in natural kind debates

In natural kind debates, Boyd's famous Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC) is often misconstrued in two ways: Not only is it thought to make for a normative standard for natural kinds, but also to require the homeostatic mechanisms underlying nomological property clusters to be uniform. My argument for the illegitimacy of both overgeneralizations, both on systematic as well as exegetical grounds, is based on the misconstrued view's failure to account for functional kinds in science. I illustrate the combination of these two misconstruals with recent entries into the natural kind debate about emotions. Finally, I examine and reject Stich's “Kornblith-Devitt method” as a potential justification of these misconstruals.     

基于RTCP的流媒体服务器速率动态适配研究

研究并实现了一种基于实时流控制协议RTCP的流媒体发送速率适配方法,通过接收RTCP RR包及RTCP NADU包得到关键控制参数--丢包率、抖动、空闲缓冲区大小,对这些参数设置阈值来决定服务器端发送速率的切换方向,切换后的发送速率则通过决策器对估算的网络带宽与根据控制参数调整的发送速率相运算得到.实践证明:本方法具有抗振荡性、带宽预测性、能快速响应网络状况变化、有效控制缓冲区上溢或下溢的优点.     

Multiple paths to aquatic specialisation in four species of Central American Anolis lizards

Aquatic anoles present an interesting ecomorphological puzzle. On the one hand, the link between habitat use and morphology is well established as convergent within the Caribbean anole radiation. On the other hand, aquatic anoles do not appear to form an ecomorphological group – rather, it appears that there may be several ways to adapt to aquatic habitats. We explore this issue by examining the ecology, morphology and performance of four species of Central American aquatic anoles belonging to two different lineages. Overall, we find that aquatic anoles overlap in multiple ecological and morphological dimensions. However, we do find some differences in substrate use, claw and limb morphology, and bite force that distinguish Anolis aquaticus from the other three species (A. lionotus, A. oxylophus and A. poecilopus). Our results suggest that A. aquaticus is adapted to climb on boulders, whereas the other species utilise vegetation in streamside habitats.     

Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

基于马斯洛需要层次论的图书馆人本管理

运用马斯洛的需要层次理论,探讨了图书馆管理的有效性,并试图通过构建以人为本的激励管理模式,激发图书馆员工作的积极性、主动性和创造性。     

从角色转换的角度看军校大学新生适应问题

军校大学新生面临着从“地方高中生”向“军校大学生”的角色转换任务，一些新学员心态转变较慢，迟迟不能进入“军校大学生”的角色，这正是他们容易出现适应问题的主要原因之一。因此，可以从帑助新学员正确认识新角色、树立角色意识、明确角色规范、养成角色性格、提高角色技能入手，促使新学员尽快进入“军校大学生”的角色，以促进适应问题的解决。     

传承与超越——白盾新时期红学理论的贡献

虽然以往的红学研究不乏真知灼见,但它们大都专注一个或数个具体问题。在继承前人成果的基础上,白盾就小说主题、作者研究、版本比较提出一系列有违传统的新观点,最大程度地接近了曹雪芹和《红楼梦》的本真。这正是他新时期红学理论的最大贡献。     

乖讹-消解论下英语疑问句对校园幽默言语的诠释

基于乖讹-消解理论,探讨了英语疑问句在校园幽默言语的生成和理解中所起的作用,也进一步比较了无疑问句文本的幽默效果。分析结果表明,各种英语疑问句的使用可以充分解释校园幽默现象的乖讹识解过程,且起到铺垫、预设、增强幽默度等众多语用功能和良好交际效果,是幽默呈现的一个重要手段。     

基于异质性公平偏好的行为博弈模型与模拟——对蜈蚣博弈实验结果的解释

针对蜈蚣博弈实验结果与传统博弈论预测的纳什均衡结果存在系统性偏离的现象,本文从行为博弈的角度,假设人是有限理性的,用人的公平偏好特征来解释这种系统性的偏离.通过运用Fehr和Schmidt(1999)模型来刻画博弈参与者的公平偏好,考虑不公平厌恶系数的异质性,构建行为博弈模型来模拟蜈蚣博弈的实验过程.模拟结果显示,本文建立的模型不仅能够解释蜈蚣博弈实验结果的所有定性特征,而且估计出了不公平厌恶系数的均值范围.根据极大似然准则,本文的模型有很好的拟合效果.