若尔盖地区地表油气化探的影响因素及消除方法

地表油气化探影响因素众多,不同地区主导因素也不尽相同.通过对若尔盖地区近地表油气化探原始数据特征分析,认为该复杂地貌区的化探样品分析数据差异较大,其干扰因素主要源于地形地貌和样品岩性等差异.为了研究不同地形地貌特征可能对化探指标的影响,利用地表遥感图像解译对研究区进行了地球化学景观分类,分别统计背景值,以消除不同景观条件下对化探成果的干扰影响;为了抑制不同岩性造成的干扰,运用数理统计方法,找出区域总样品数中比例大、岩性相同的原始分析数据作为标准,对全区样品进行分类,利用比值法进行校正.最后通过综合异常分析,给出了3个可能的油气远景区.     

探讨高原地区甲醇沸程气压修正值

甲醇的沸程一直是甲醇产品质量控制的重要指标,目前国内企业生产的甲醇产品沸程均以GB／T7534和ASTMD1078为测定依据,而上述两种方法中均未对高原地区的参数修正做出规定,本文通过实验来探讨高原地区沸程测定时气压的修正值。     

1965-2013年黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空变化特征

基于黄土高原地区52个气象站点1965-2013年逐日降水数据,辅以一元线性趋势分析、相关分析、Mann-Kendall检验及反距离加权插值(IDW)等方法,本文分析了黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空变化特征.结果表明:1)时间上,持续性指标和强度指标中除降水强度(SDⅡ)外均呈现减小的趋势;绝对指标和相对指标中除R10 mm降水日数(R10 mm)外,其他指数均呈现增加的趋势,但均未通过0.05显著性水平检验.2)空间上,就持续性指标来看,连续无雨日数(CDD)增加趋势最大的位于区域Ⅲ,连续降水日数(CWD)和年降水总量(PRCPTOT)在区域Ⅱ的北部的增幅最大;强度指标中,1d最大降水量(RX1 day)和5d最大降水量(RX5 day)在区域Ⅱ的中部和北部增幅最大,SDⅡ增幅最大的地区主要集中在区域工和区域Ⅱ的北部地区;绝对指标中,R10 mm、R20 mm降水日数(R20 mm)和R25 mm降水日数(R25 mm)的趋势变化呈由南向北增加的趋势;相对指标中,异常降水日数(R95p)和极端降水日数(R99p)增幅最大的地区主要集中在区域Ⅱ.3)CDD与经度、纬度呈显著的负相关,年降水总量(PRCPTOT)、R10 mm和R25 mm与纬度呈显著正相关,其他极端降水指数与经纬度和海拔高度的相关性不显著.4)主成分分析的结果表明2类极端降水指数的总贡献率达到80.73％,除CDD外,其他极端降水指数与PRCPTOT均具有良好的相关性,且均通过了0.01显著性水平检验.5)Hurst指数结果表明黄土高原地区CDD、SDⅡ、R10 mm、R20 mm和R25 mm极端降水指数变化均呈反向变化特征,其他极端降水指数呈同向变化特征.     

Climatic significance of δ18O records from precipitation on the western Tibetan Plateau

Analysis of daily precipitation samples for stable oxygen isotopes （δ^18O） collected at the Shiquanhe and Gerze （Gaize, Gertse） stations in the Ngari （Ali） region on the western Tibetan Plateau indicates that air temperature affects the δ^18O variations in precipitation at these stations. In summer, Shiquanhe and Gerze show strongly similar trends in precipitation δ^18O, especially in simultaneous precipitation events. Moreover, both stations experienced low δ^18O values in precipitation during the active monsoon period, resulting from the southwest monsoon （the summer phase of the Indian monsoon）. However, during the break monsoon period （during the summer rainy season, when the monsoon circulation is disrupted）, δ^18O values in summer precipitation remain relatively high and local moisture recycling generally controls the moisture sources. Air temperature correlations with δ^18O strengthen during the non-monsoon period （January--June, and October--December） due to continental air masses and the westerlies. In addition, evaporation also influences the δ^18O variations in precipitation. The observed temporal and spatial variations of δ^18O in precipitation on the western Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions show that the late May and early June-the late August and early September time frame provides an important period for the transportation of moisture from various sources on the Tibetan Plateau, and that the region of the West Kunlun-Tanggula Ranges acts as a significant climatic divide on the Plateau, perhaps for all of western China.     

青藏高原东北部西宁盆地中始新世-渐新世沉积物颜色与气候变化

始新世-渐新世是古近纪气候变化中最显著的时期.通过对西宁盆地42.5～26.0 Ma沉积物颜色指标的详细分析,发现颜色参数L*,a*,b*曲线明显以32.8 Ma为界分为上下两段.其中:L*值在下段(42.5～32.8 Ma)波动剧烈并呈缓慢降低趋势,至32.8 Ma左右大幅度降低,此后(32.8～26.0 Ma)波动变小、稍有回升;a*,b*值则与L*值的变化趋势相反,在下段(42.5～32.8 Ma)呈逐渐增大趋势,剧烈波动,在32.8 Ma左右时突然大幅度升高.至上段波动变小.结合西宁盆地孢粉、有机质及CaCO3质量分数变化的特征分析,该区域在32.8 Ma时可能发生大幅度的降温事件(对应于海洋记录所揭示的Oi-1事件),此事件之前气候干旱程度相对较弱、氧化作用逐渐增强、气候波动剧烈.在Oi-1事件之后大陆性干旱程度增强、氧化强烈、气候波动幅度较小.这是在该区高分辨率获得Oi-1事件前后气候变化的记录.它对始新世-渐新世全球气候变冷背景下陆地系统响应研究具有重要意义.     

有氧运动锻炼在防止高原老年人早衰中的意义

久居高原的老年人,随着年龄增长易发生"早老、早病、早衰"现象.从而影响老年人的生活质量.适宜的运动锻炼有益健康,特别是对老年人有延缓衰老的作用.就此探讨一下有氧运动锻炼在预防高原老年人早衰中的意义.     

Role of atmospheric heat source/sink over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in quasi-4-year oscillation of atmosphere-land-ocean interaction

Using 1961—1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink <Q₁> over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961—1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken on the QXP heat source/sink in relation to both atmospheric circulation in Asia and El Niño/La Niña events. It is discovered that there exists noticeable interaction in a quasi-4-year period among the <Q₁> of the QXP, low-level meridional winds east of the QXP, low-level zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific, SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the circulation at mid and high latitudes north of the QXP. They have difference in phase. The cold source intensity of the QXP in winter favours a low-level meridional wind anomaly to prevail in the mainland of China and its coast east of the QXP and to last until the subsequent autumn. The wind anomaly can induce a low-level zonal wind anomaly of the tropic Pacific that finally affects an El Niño/La Niña event in the autumn and subsequent winter. The event in autumn/winter has effect on the deep trough position and cold air track of East Asia in next winter that influences the intensity of the QXP winter cold source.     

蒙古高原野豌豆属植物区系生态地理分布研究

由于蒙古高原位于亚洲温带地区,广布的北温带和温带亚洲成分（5种,占31.25％）构成了该属的基本成分,在蒙古高原的北部汉入欧洲－后利业成分（4种）,在东部渗入了东亚区系成分（4种）,分别占25％,反遇了该属植物区系成分与西伯利亚和东亚森林区植物区系的紧密联系,亚洲中部成分（3种,占18.75％）,特别是达乌里－蒙古种（2种）为蒙古原物有种,这是该属植物在蒙古高原长期适应演化的结果,蒙古高原野豌豆属植物与东西伯利亚、东北和华北地区联系较为紧密。     

中国东部"冷槽”和"热脊”形成机制分析

中国东部（青藏高原以东）冬季形成低温的“冷槽”,而夏季形成高温的“热脊”冷槽、热脊形成的机制是不同时空尺度的环流和青藏高原的动力和热力作用,冷槽、热脊的形成对中国东部气候产生重大影响。     

Geologic relationships and geochronology of the Cenozoic volcanoes and interbedded weathered mantles of Yulinshan in Qiangtang, North Tibet

The Yulinshan accumulations of volcanic rocks and interbedded weathered mantles provide a unique chance for studying the processes and environment of the formation of the planation surface in central Tibetan Plateau. Geochemical,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K/Ar geochronologic investigations of the weathered mantles and high-potassium volcanic rocks reveal that the volcano-weathered mantle accumulations formed under arid or semi-arid subtropic environment in 30–24 Ma. The sole planation surface of the Qiangtang region finally formed in about 20 Ma.