Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail shell carbonate

Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies (organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau, China have been measured. The result shows that δ 13C values range from -13.1‰ to -4.3‰ for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰ to -18.0‰ for the soft body samples. Although the shells are enriched in 13C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰, the shell δ 13Ca values are closely correlated to the body δ 13Corg values, expressed as δ 13Ca = 1.021 δ 13Corg 14.38 (R = 0.965; N = 31). This relationship indicates that δ 13Ca is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope composition. In other words, carbon isotope compo-sition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary 13C abundance of the land snails. The data also support that the 13C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO2, HCO3-in the hemolymph and shell aragonite, and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity.     

Study on crustal, lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas

Based on the results of pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave tomography in the Qinghai-Tlbet Plateau and its adjacent areas, tsklng S wave velocities from previous linear inversion as the initial model, using the simulated annealing algorithm, a nonlinear simultaneous inversion has been carried out for S wave velocity and thickness of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The results indicate： The crustal thickness shows strong correlation with geology structures sketched by the sutures and major faults. The crust is very thick in the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 kin. The Ilthospherlc thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Is thinner （130-160 kin） than Its adjacent areas. And two blocks can be recognized, divided by an NNE strike boundary running between 90°E-92°E inside the plateau. Its asthenosphere is relatively thick, varies from 150 km to 230 kin, and the thickest area is located in the western Qiangtsng. India has a thinner crust （32-38 kin）, a thicker lithosphere of 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 kin. Sichuan and Tarlm basins have the crust thickness less than 50 kin. Their Iithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. A discussion has been made on the character and formation mechanism of the typical crust-mantle transition zone in the western Qiangtsng block.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

藏药抱茎獐牙菜的胚胎学研究

抱茎獐牙菜（ＳｗｅｒｔｉａｆｒａｎｃｈｉｔｉａｎａＭａｘｉｍ．）花药４室,药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层异型起源,为非典型腺质型绒毡层;中层２层;花药壁表皮宿存,与药室内壁一起纤维状加厚．胞质分裂为同时型,四分体的排列方式为四面体型;成熟花粉为２细胞．子房２心皮,１室,８列胚珠,为侧膜胎座．薄珠心,单珠被,倒生胚珠．胚囊发育为蓼型．珠孔受精,受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子体融合类型．胚乳发育为核型．胚胎发育为茄型酸浆Ⅰ变型．反足细胞分裂为５～８个,宿存,每个细胞均多核和异常膨大,反足细胞形成的吸器明显,并在胚乳层之外形成染色深的类似“外胚乳”的结构．果实成熟时,种子只发育至球型胚早期阶段．反足细胞在龙胆科一些高山短命植物中的宿存与分裂具有重要的生殖适应与进化意义,这对于龙胆科一年生植物在青藏高原严酷的环境下,甚至在只有几周的生长季节内完成其生活史是十分重要的     

西藏自治区管巢蛛属2新种记述(蜘蛛目:管巢蛛科)

记述采自中国西藏自治区的管巢蛛科管巢蛛属2新种：墨脱管巢蛛 Clubiona medog sp.nov.和拟中亚管巢蛛 Clubiona subparallela sp.nov..     

有氧运动锻炼在防止高原老年人早衰中的意义

久居高原的老年人,随着年龄增长易发生"早老、早病、早衰"现象.从而影响老年人的生活质量.适宜的运动锻炼有益健康,特别是对老年人有延缓衰老的作用.就此探讨一下有氧运动锻炼在预防高原老年人早衰中的意义.     

青藏高原开发、保护与特色经济发展

青藏高原面临的最突出的问题是生态环境恶化和牧民贫困，它放大了生态不安全、社会不安全之间的累积效应，制约着西部及国家的可持续发展。本课题的研究不论从生态安全或社会安全而言，它的意义均超出了青藏高原本身，具有全国性的重要而深远的意义。青藏高原通过实现生态系统的脆弱性和恢复能力相协调，依据自身资源优势，发展特色经济，培育新的经济增长点，从而实现区域经济的可持续发展。     

蒙古高原野豌豆属植物区系生态地理分布研究

由于蒙古高原位于亚洲温带地区,广布的北温带和温带亚洲成分（5种,占31.25％）构成了该属的基本成分,在蒙古高原的北部汉入欧洲－后利业成分（4种）,在东部渗入了东亚区系成分（4种）,分别占25％,反遇了该属植物区系成分与西伯利亚和东亚森林区植物区系的紧密联系,亚洲中部成分（3种,占18.75％）,特别是达乌里－蒙古种（2种）为蒙古原物有种,这是该属植物在蒙古高原长期适应演化的结果,蒙古高原野豌豆属植物与东西伯利亚、东北和华北地区联系较为紧密。     

Analysis on Landscape Ecological Risk of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus：A Case Study on Niyang River Basin

0IntroductionWhether the regional ecosystems are securityis determined from two aspects which arethe ecological healthandthe ecological risk.Ecologi-cal riskreferstothe sufferedinterferences and disas-ters of ecosystems,and the damaged possibilities ofecosystems structures andits function.The relation-ship betweenecological riskandecological securityisinverse function.Therefore,the analysis of regionalecological riskis ani mportant aspect of studying onecological health,which can provide plann…     

青藏高原典型湖泊湖岸带表层沉积物碳、氮、磷分析

在青藏高原地区的尕海、纳木错和羊卓雍错3个湖区的典型湖泊湖岸带采集表层沉积物,测定总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量,分析营养元素间的原子比.结果显示:7处湖岸带表层沉积物有机碳含量介于1.19～46.84g/kg之间,其中尕海糊区的果茫滩最高;总氮含量介于0.26～10.84g/kg之间,尕海最高;总磷含量介于0.05～0.38g/kg之间,尕海最高;纳木错有机碳、总氮、总磷含量均为最低.湖岸带表层沉积物C/N的最大值和最小值均出现在尕海湖区,分别是尕海湖区果芒滩的19.04和尕海湖区尕海的2.85,其他两个湖区的值均在5～10之间;C/P均大于60;N/P值介于8.75～63.17之间;纳木错湖区的N/P和C/P均低于另外两个湖区.可以认为:磷是3个湖区潜在的营养限制因子;尕海存在外源氮输入;果芒滩沉积物有机质主要来源为陆生和水生维管束植物碎屑混合物,纳木错湖区和羊卓雍错湖区则为湖泊自生的水生生物碎屑混合物.