Corrosion properties of bio-oil and its emulsions with diesel

Bio-oil is a new liquid fuel but very acidic. In this study, bio-oil pyrolyzed from rice husk and two bio-oil/diesel emulsions with bio-oil concentrations of 10 wt% and 30 wt% were prepared. Tests were carried out to determine their corrosion properties to four metals of aluminum, brass, mild steel and stainless steel at different temperatures. Weight loss of the metals immersed in the oil samples was recorded. The chemical states of the elements on metal surface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that mild steel was the least resistant to corrosion, followed by aluminum, while brass exhibited slight weight loss. The weight loss rates would be greatly enhanced at elevated temperatures. Stainless steel was not affected under any conditions. After corrosion, in- creased organic deposits were formed on aluminum and brass, but not on stainless steel. Mild steel was covered with many loosely attached corrosion materials which were easy to be removed by washing and wiping. Significant metal loss was detected on surface of aluminum and mild steel. Zinc was etched away from brass surface, while metallic copper was oxidized to Cu20. Increased Cr203 and NiO were presented on surface of stainless steel to form a compact passive protection film. The two emulsions were less corrosive than the bio-oU. This was due to the protection effect of diesel. Diesel was the continuous phase in the emulsions and thus could limit the contact area between bio-oil and metals.     

Gd-Ni界面的电子结构及其氧化现象

用同步辐射光电发射谱 (SRPES)和XPS研究了室温下Gd膜在Ni(1 1 0 )上的生长和Gd Ni界面的电子结构以及它们的氧化现象 .发现Gd膜在高覆盖度时Gd 4f为双峰结构 ,高温退火使 4f双峰退为单峰 .氧在 3.7nm的Gd膜上的吸附引起Gd 4f双峰中高结合能峰的衰减 ,在 0L～ 5 0L的氧暴露量范围内 ,只存在单一的晶格氧物种 .在轻微氧化的Gd Ni复合薄膜上 ,氧吸附引起Gd向表面的偏析和进一步氧化 ,并存在化学吸附氧 (O-)和晶格氧两种氧物种 .本文对Gd 4f双峰的起源 ,Gd氧化机理以及氧物种的本质进行了讨论     

不同方法制备的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒表面性能研究

Fe3O4磁性纳米粒在工程技术、电子及生物医学等领域具有十分广泛的应用.不同的制备方法及表面改性技术可以得到不同表面特性的纳米粒.而不同的表面特性,其物理和化学性质也存在着巨大差别.因此,深入了解Fe3O4磁性纳米粒表面物理性质,以及不同官能基团与粒表面的结合方式等具有十分重要的意义.本论文分别利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及X射线衍射分析（XRD）两种重要的材料分析技术,对共沉淀法和高温分解法制备得到的Fe3O4纳米粒,以及多巴胺改性后的Fe3O4纳米粒表面进行分析,结果表明,共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4纳     

Improving the rate capability of a SiO_x/graphite anode by adding LiNO_3

SiO_x/graphite anodes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high specific capacity.Unfortunately,a thick solid-electrolyte-interface,which is produced by the decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes,impedes the diffusion of lithium ions and significantly limits the rate performance of this interesting anode for practical applications.In this work,a LiNO_3additive was introduced during the preparation of an anode electrode paste.The results of SEM,ex and in situ XRD and XPS showed that LiNO_3decomposed into LiN_xO_yand Li_3N,which deposited on the anode surface during the first discharge process.Due to the high ionic conductivity of LiN_xO_yand Li_3N,the rate performance of the SiO_x/graphite anode was significantly improved,showing a specific capacity nearly three times higher than that without the additive.In addition,the decomposition of the electrolyte during cycling was also suppressed by the LiN_xO_yand Li_3N inorganic salts because of their low electronic conductivity and superior robustness.Our approach is facile and easy to scale up,which will be of great significance for the commercialization of SiO_x/graphite anodes.     

Microstructure and element composition of shell plates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Liolophura japonica</Emphasis>

The microstructure characteristics of shell plates of chiton Liolophura japonica Lischke were analyzed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results show that the internal structure of the shell plate of chiton Liolophura japonica is composed of seven calcium layers which were crossed lamellar crystallites, homogeneous structure, granular crystallites, and trabecular type crystallites. The element compositions of shell plates were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)....     

微生物与生物炭复合修复铬污染土壤的室内试验研究

以铬污染土为研究对象,通过浸出试验、Cr(VI)残留值试验、BCR连续提取试验研究了巴氏芽孢杆菌、生物炭及巴氏芽孢杆菌与生物炭复合对铬污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明：经过20 d修复后,上述添加剂均能够修复铬污染土壤,但菌液与生物炭复合的修复效果优于菌液和生物炭,且菌液的修复效果要优于生物炭;其中,当菌液浓度OD600 为1.0与生物炭浓度40 g?kg-1复合时,土壤浸出浓度和土壤中Cr(VI)含量分别从90 mg?L-1、270 mg?kg-1降低至1.08 mg?L-1、5.14 mg?kg-1,修复效果最好;同时,3种添加剂均提高了土壤的pH,均促使铬从弱酸态向可还原态和残渣态转化,而对可氧化态铬影响不大;由X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）分析可知巴氏芽孢杆菌与生物炭复合修复铬污染土壤为混合吸附和还原的过程。     

钼酸钠对铁质文物的缓蚀作用研究

文中将钼酸钠用作铁质文物表面保护的缓蚀剂,采用原子吸收光谱和电化学动电位极化法研究了钼酸钠对铁器文物表面的保护效果,用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)技术探讨了钼酸钠对铁器锈层表面的作用机理。结果表明,钼酸钠对铁器锈层表面有很好的保护效果,其原因是钼酸钠促进了铁器表面的活泼锈(γ-FeOOH)向稳定锈(Fe₂O₃)的转变,同时有稳定的氧化物三氧化钼 (MoO₃)及难溶的钼酸盐(FeMoO₄)生成,这样锈层表面形成了由稳定的Fe₂O₂,MoO₃,FeMoO₄组成的致密的保护膜,这层膜可以起到阻止外界有害物质向金属表面的侵蚀,从而抑制了基体腐蚀的进一步扩展。     

联苯双重氮氟硼酸盐二苯-1δ-冠-6络合物的XPS实验与电子结构研究

用XPS实验和EHMO近似计算方法对新型冠醚络合物——联苯双重氮二苯—18—冠—6(l:2)络合物的结构与电子结构进行了研究。在计算中采用了重氮离子插入冠醚环内,并对各种构型和插入位置进行了优化,计算结果与实验事实相符,证明了这种结构的合理性。     

衬底温度对磁溅射生长氮化碳薄膜的影响

通过非平衡磁溅射方法和改变衬底温度，在单晶Si（001）衬底上制备氯化碳薄膜材料．实验结果表明，氮化碳薄膜的沉积率、氮原子质量分数皆与衬底温度有关，薄膜中的氮原子与处于sp2和sp3杂化状态的碳原子相结合．随着衬底温度的改变，氮原子与处于这两种状态的碳原子结合的比例也发生改变．