中国电子工业企业微观环境分析

本文运用五种竞争作用力理论，具体分析了中国电子工业的微观环境，通过分析可以看出中国电子工业的外部微观环境主要就是电信运营企业和自身合资企业中中外双方的股东企业。这种结果对分析中国电子工业企业的发展简化了环境。     

运输包装设计过程探讨

本文根据缓冲包装五步设计法,包装设计的目的(保护产品、方便储运、促进销售),运输包装的基本要求,探讨了运输包装的设计过程.     

超塑性板材气压成形模具的设计与计算

介绍了金属的“超塑性”概念及其特点,阐述了超塑性材料Zn-22%Al板材气压成形的原理,着重解释了其板材气压成形模具的设计与计算,对生产实际与理论探讨具有现实意义。     

Purification of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth inhibitor and its characterization as transforming growth factor-β type 1

In 1986, Brown and Clemmons (Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA83 (1986) 3321) showed that platelets contain a substance, platelet-derived growth inhibitor (PDGI), that inhibits in vitro endothelial cell replication. Although platelets are rich in transforming grwoth factor (TGF-), PDGI was considered not to be related to TGF-, on the basis of its reported properties (extraction from platelets at neutral pH, binding to heparin-Sepharose). However, we purified PDGI to near homogeneity and showed that on the basis of HPLC retention behavior, in vitro growth inhibitory activities with several cell types, receptor binding, and immunoneutralization of growth inhibitory activity with specific anti-TGF- type 1 antibodies, PDGI is most probably identical with TGF- type 1.     

Flow-induced release of adenosine 5′-triphosphate from endothelial cells of the rat mesenteric arterial bed

Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) was released into the perfusate of rat isolated mesenteric arterial beds during each of two consecutive increases in flow. There was no significant difference between the amounts of ATP released on each occasion. Substance P was also released into the perfusate by increased flow, although its release was more variable. Removal of the endothelium of the mesenteric vessels with sodium deoxycholate led to a significant reduction (74%) in the amount of ATP released compared with the release before the endothelium had been removed. This suggests that the ATP released into the mesenteric arterial perfusate during increased flow arises from endothelial cells.     

Determination of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase activity by31P nuclear magnetic resonance: Comparison of normal controls and multiple sclerosis patients

Summary A technique to assay erythrocyte pyrimidine 5-nucleotidase activity in situ using³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented. The assay is chemically specific, simple and applicable to untreated lysates. A comparison of enzyme levels in normal controls and in multiple sclerosis patients employing the assay yielded no significant differences between both groups. Difficulties encountered in the quantitative analysis of the assay using¹H-NMR spectroscopy are briefly discussed.     

2022年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展

本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则,从国内外著名科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中,按科学、技术、工程3个类别,由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目,经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选,推选出2022年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展30项。（1）2022年中国重大科学进展10项：探测到重复快速射电暴密近环境的动态演化;解析新冠病毒突变株奥密克戎免疫逃逸的分子机制;发现黏附类GPCR识别和激活新机制;实现世界纪录效率的全钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池制备新途径;测定超高热导率半导体砷化硼载流子迁移率;发现促使胆固醇排出体外的降脂新方法;揭示火星乌托邦平原浅表精细结构和物性特征;发现志留纪化石库为解答有颌脊椎动物起源提供确凿证据;实现光催化剂光生电荷转移过程的全时空成像;开创海水原位电解制氢新原理与新方法。（2）2022年中国重大技术进展10项：在高温超导体中诱导出奇异金属态;实现超快激光三维极端制造重大突破;实现三原子分子的量子相干合成;建立蛋白质从头设计新方法;制备出亚1 nm栅极长度的晶体管;发现并编辑KRN2基因可同时提高水稻玉米产量;提出全新诱导人多...     

基于轻量化深度学习网络的数字仪表识别

数字式仪表常用于变电站、工厂等生产环境,是一种直观的设备监测仪器。然而当前数字式仪表的读取方式还依赖于人工巡检,手动记录等,这些传统的巡检方式来监测设备的运行状态大大降低了巡检效率。为了实现传统行业的数字化转型,本文提出基于轻量化深度学习的数字仪表识别方法,通过改进的YOLOv5的目标检测框架,针对数字仪表目标区域在整张图片大小不一致的情况,提出对于感兴趣区域（ROI）的迭代目标检测方法,首次检测将感兴趣区域进行检测并切割统一到相同的尺度,随后迭代检测网络针对感兴趣区域内的字符进行检测并分类,以达到精确读数的目的。为提升多尺度检测性能,本文采用Res2Net模块主干网络中的的残差模块。采用GIoU取代通用的IoU作为位置损失函数加速模型训练效果的收敛。实验表明,改进后的框架实现了99.62%的准确率和99.55%的召回率,相比基线网络分别提升了12.72%和5.85%。通过将框架在边缘计算平台上的终端部署,在实际生产中取代了人工巡检,实现了商业化运行。     

基于改进YOLOv5的遥感图像飞机目标检测

针对遥感图像中飞机检测尺寸大小不一、背景复杂导致的难以识别问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5网络模型的改进方法。首先,在YOLOv5网络模型中融入Swin-Transformer模块,使网络全局建模并使全维度信息交互,以提升网络的特征提取能力;其次,对损失函数进行优化,引入SIOU损失函数以考虑真实框和预测框之间的向量角度问题。对比实验表明,优化前后网络模型检测精度均为95.3%。在检测精度相同的情况下,改进后的网络模型召回率为91.2%,比改进前提升0.6个百分点;改进后平均检测精度mAP_0.5为95.7%,比改进前提升0.2个百分点。结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5网络模型能在一定程度上提升遥感图像中飞机目标检测性能。     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.