南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

内蒙古地区主要推广玉米品种遗传多样性研究

用农艺性状与分子标记(SSR)相结合的方法分析了24个在内蒙地区选育的玉米品种遗传多样性.结果表明,用30对玉米SSR核心引物进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到234个等位基因变异,每对引物检测到5~15个多态性片段,平均为7.8个.每个位点SSR多态信息含量(PIC)变化为0.408~0.916,平均多态性为0.876.聚类分析(UPGMA)可将24个玉米品种分为5大类.品种间具有较高的遗传变异性.内蒙古地区主栽玉米品种有着较为稳定的遗传特性,基础遗传资源丰富.这对新品种选育、品种改良和亲本选配有着重要的参考意义.     

检疫性杂草假高粱及其近似种SSR分子标记的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对8个假高粱及其近似种样品的遗传多样性进行研究,结果发现:(1)在11对SSR引物中,有5对扩增出多态性,这5对引物共检测到25个多态性位点,每对引物平均能检测到5个多态性位点;(2)根据Nei's遗传距离分析的聚类树显示:这8个高粱属物种共可分为2个类群,7个亚类群;假高粱和黑高粱、拟高粱和明福1号间的亲缘关系极近;(3)SSR结果揭示出所测8个群体的Gst为0.0864,说明本文研究的Sorghum属8个物种的群体遗传分化程度属于中度.     

Analysis of simple sequence repeats markers derived from Phytophthora sojae expressed sequence tags

Five thousand and eight hundred publicly available expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Phytophthora sojae were electronically searched and 415 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 369 ESTs. The average density of SSRs was one SSR per 8.9 kb of EST sequence screened. The most frequent repeats were trinucleotide repeats (50.1%) and the least frequent were tetranucleotide repeats (8.2%). Forty primer pairs were designed and tested on 5 strains of P. sojae. Thirty-three primer pairs had successful PCR amplifications. Of the 33 functional primer pairs, 28 primer pairs produced characteristic SSR bands of the expected size, and 15 primer pairs (45.5%) detected polymorphism among 5 tested strains of P. sojae. Based on the polymorphisms detected with 20 EST-SSR markers, the 5 tested strains of P. sojae were clustered into 3 groups. In this study, the SSR markers of P. sojae were developed for the first time. These markers could be useful for identification, genetic variation study, and molecular mapping of P. sojae and its relative species.     

抑制轴系扭振的改进型电力系统稳定器

提出了抑制轴系扭振的改进型电力系统稳定器的设计原则——分离模态设计原则，并将其应用于一典型次同步谐振（ＳＳＲ）问题，以改进经典的电力系统稳定器（ＰＳＳ）．特征根分析和大干扰下的非线性仿真结果表明，改进后的ＰＳＳ不但能很好地抑制系统的低频振荡，而且能有效地抑制轴系扭振．     

Construction of an electronic physical map of Magnaporthe oryzae using genomic position-ready SSR markers

Magnaporthe oryzae is a model for plant pathogenic filamentous fungi. We have assembled a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based physical map of the species, using in silico sequence data. A set of 120 SSR markers was developed from the genomic sequence of the reference isolate 70-15. These markers were readily amplified from the genomic DNA of other isolates, and high levels of allelic variation characterised the parental isolates of the two crosses tested. All the markers were locatable to one of the seven M. oryzae chromosomes. An SSR-based physical in silico map was constructed, and pre-existing SSR and RFLP loci were integrated into the map, along with 23 Avr (avirulence) genes and two other genes of importance to the plant/pathogen interaction. This map provides a platform for population genetics and functional genomics studies in the model pathogen, and even in other evolu- tionally related pathogens.     

中国榛属植物DNA提取与SSR初步分析

为了探讨适合中国榛属植物基因组DNA的提取方法,分析榛属植物的遗传多样性,本实验以榛属植物的叶片为试材,通过对Doyle和Doyle方法的改良,摸索出适于中国榛属植物基因组DNA提取的方法,并以核酸产量、纯度、片断分布情况等指标来评价,获得高质量基因组DNA;同时应用4对欧榛SSR引物对中国榛属植物进行了跨种转移,并对具有商业潜力的平榛、毛榛和川榛3个种的遗传多样性进行了初步评价,4对引物从3个种的29个样本中扩增出33个等位基因,位点拥有的等位基因数量在6~12个之间,位点平均等位基因数为8.38.上述结果表明SSR是用于榛属种间育种、品种鉴定以及种间遗传图构建的有力工具.     

一种降低MIMO—OFDM系统峰均功率比的新方案

针对MIMO—OFDM系统高峰均功率比的问题,充分利用MIMO-OFDM系统多个天线所提供的自由度和未加利用的子载波,提出一种利用子块逐次旋转与子载波预留算法相结合来无失真地降低峰均功率比的新方案．仿真结果表明,该方案能有效降低峰均功率比,与SS—CARI算法相比,该方案具有相近的性能而边带信息量更少．     

Construction of a genetic map and localization of QTLs for yield traits in tomato by SSR markers

Using an F2 population derived from the hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘XF 98-7’× Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium LA2184, a SSR genetic linkage map of tomato is constructed. The map contains 112 markers and spans 808.4 cM with an average distance of 7.22 cM between loci. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for first flower node on chromosomes 5 and 11, two QTLs for number of flowers per truss on chromosomes 2 and 5, and five QTLs for fruit weight on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9 and 12 are identified.     

硫酸二甲酯对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及SSR扩增位点的影响

通过形态观察、巢式PCR和SSR分析,研究了不同浓度硫酸二甲酯(DMS)处理对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及泡桐DNA的SSR扩增位点变化的影响。结果表明:质量浓度为15 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理5 h或质量浓度大于25 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上仍成活的幼苗其形态上可转变为健康幼苗,但15 mg/L硫酸二甲酯处理5 h时形态健康的幼苗仍有丛枝病植原体的存在,而其余浓度处理后存活的幼苗内则检测不到植原体;质量浓度大于150 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上的幼苗全部死亡。此外,毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗、健康幼苗和DMS处理后形态健康幼苗DNA的SSR扩增位点相同。