谁是真正的受压抑者？——《紧身甲》的女权主义解读

从女权主义的视角出发解读美国著名作家约翰·斯坦贝克的短篇小说《紧身甲》。指出这种叙述中内在的性别歧视。分析了当时美国的父权社会、彼得以及作者本人对彼得的妻子艾玛的不公正,指出了艾玛才是真正的受压抑者。     

The third law in Newton’s Waste book (or, the road less taken to the second law)

On the basis of evidence drawn from the Waste book, Westfall and Nicholas have argued that Newton arrived at his second law of motion by reflecting on the implications of the first law. I analyze another argument in the Waste book which reveals that Newton also arrived at the second law by another very different route. On this route, it is the consideration of the third law and the principle of conservation of motion—and not the first law—that prompts Newton to formulate the second law. The existence of these two routes is significant because each employs a distinct kind of reasoning about forces. Whereas the Nicholas-Westfall route via the principle of inertia bears the mark of Descartes’s influence, the alternative route proceeds from the action-reaction principle, which is widely regarded as an original Newtonian contribution to mechanics. In the course of exploring this alternate route to the second law, the origins and justification of the third law are examined.     

John Venn’s opposition to probability as degree of belief

John Venn is known as one of the clearest expounders of the interpretation of probability as the frequency of a particular outcome in a potentially unlimited series of possible events. This view he held to be incompatible with the alternate interpretation of probability as a measure of the degree of belief that would rationally be held about a certain outcome based upon the reliability of testimony and other prior information. This paper explores the reasons why Venn may have been so opposed to the degree-of-belief interpretation and suggests that it may have been a way for him to resolve a conflict in his own mind between his ideas of proper scientific methods of inference and the religious beliefs that he held as a young man.     

格朗特与时间序列分析

提出格朗特对时间序列分析的主要贡献与渊源关系:统计比率的稳定性恰是平稳时间序列的基础背景;差分思想、估计与预测的理念、对数据可信性的处理是格朗特现代时间序列的萌芽思想;分析了格朗特对皮尔逊的学术影响。     

约翰·比克尔的元科学还原论

神经生理学研究显示生物的智力生活与特殊神经中的细胞过程有着紧密的关联性。以此为依据,比克尔认为这些实验研究成果直接证明心理状态向分子生物学机制的还原。文章通过分析认为比克尔引用的长期记忆向细胞-分子机制的还原只能支持部分还原,并不支持他过强的整体性还原主张,因为实验事实证明分子通道既非长期记忆的充分条件,也非必要条件。     

A specimen of Tirumala hamata hamata (Macleay, 1826) (Lepidoptera: Danainae) from Captain Cook’s first voyage

On 29 May 1770 Joseph Banks described a spectacular swarming of ‘milions’ [sic] ‘of one sort’ of butterfly at Thirsty Sound, near what is now Rockhampton, Queensland, comparing it to a species from China that had been named by Linnaeus. Discovery of what appears to be an Endeavour voyage specimen of this Australian butterfly in the Hunterian Zoology Museum, Glasgow, allows us to confirm its long-suspected identity as Tirumala hamata hamata (Macleay) – a species unnamed and unknown at the time of Cook’s first voyage. Investigations into several collections that include eighteenth-century Australian Lepidoptera and associated literature have not positively identified any further specimens taken from the swarm, although a pair in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History could be from the same source. Taxonomic confusion due to mimicry, convergence and/or non-divergence affecting blue tiger patterned butterflies is most likely the principal reason such a specimen has previously gone undetected.     

论互换身体的可能：试驳伯纳德·威廉斯

自洛克以来,对个人同一性（Personal identity）的心理说明一直是种重要理论,依照这种理论,我们可以设想不同个体“互换身体”的情况,并且这种情况对心理说明提供了支持。当代学者伯纳德·威廉斯（Bernard Willianrs）对这种理论提出质疑,认为在说明个人同一性问题时,身体要素必不可少。威廉斯的质疑通过反驳互换身体的例子展开,本文将对威廉斯的反驳作出回应,指出该反驳存在的问题,以及为什么在说明我们的存在时,身体的必要性可能并不像威廉斯认为的那样确定。     

Interpreting Aristotle on mixture: problems about elemental composition from Philoponus to Cooper

Aristotle’s On generation and corruption raises a vital question: how is mixture, or what we would now call chemical combination, possible? It also offers an outline of a solution to the problem and a set of criteria that a successful solution must meet. Understanding Aristotle’s solution and developing a viable peripatetic theory of chemical combination has been a source of controversy over the last two millennia. We describe seven criteria a peripatetic theory of mixture must satisfy: uniformity, recoverability, potentiality, equilibrium, alteration, incompleteness, and the ability to distinguish mixture from generation, corruption, juxtaposition, augmentation, and alteration. After surveying the theories of Philoponus (d. 574), Avicenna (d. 1037), Averroes (d. 1198), and John M. Cooper (fl. circa 2000), we argue for the merits of Richard Rufus of Cornwall’s theory. Rufus (fl. 1231-1256) was a little known scholastic philosopher who became a Franciscan theologian in 1238, after teaching Aristotelian natural philosophy as a secular master in Paris. Lecturing on Aristotle’s De generatione et corruptione, around the year 1235, he offered his students a solution to the problem of mixture that we believe satisfies Aristotle’s seven criteria.     

约翰·厄普代克小说述评

本文全面系统地评价了厄普代克的长短篇小说,着重分析了其主要代表作的主题思想、社会背景、艺术特色,提出精神危机和生存恐惧是贯穿其所有作品的两大主题,现实主议和现代派手法有机的结合是其鲜明的艺术风格,认为厄普代克的小说丰富发展了美国小城乡镇题材文学,有助于我们了解美国中产阶级苦闷空虚的精神世界。     

拟共形映射与John域

本文证明了有界一致域必定是John域和John域的拟共不变性.