Recent development of peptide self-assembly

Amino acids are the building blocks to build peptides and proteins. Recent development in peptide synthesis has however enabled us to mimic this natural process by preparing various long and short peptides possessing different conformations and biological functions. The self-assembly of short designed peptides into molecular nanostructures is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Self-assembled peptides exhibit several attractive features for applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biological surface engineering as well as in food science, cosmetic industry and antibiotics. The aim of this review is to introduce the readers to a number of representative studies on peptide self-assembly.     

纳米压痕过程温度影响的分子动力学研究

建立了基于AFM的单晶铜薄膜纳米压痕过程的三维分子动力学模型,采用Morse势函数计算试件原子与压头原子之间,试件原子之间的相互作用关系.研究了不同温度的纳米压痕过翟中试件变形区域大小、系统能量变化.结果显示单晶铜薄膜的纳米压痕的力学机理是非晶态产生的变形.温度对纳米压痕过程有显著的影响.压痕过程中试件材料变形区域面积随着温度的增高而增加.不同温度下的系统势能-步长曲线的变化趋势基本相同,但是系统势能值随着温度的增加而减小.     

微波诱变高产L-乳酸细菌的选育与表征

采用带水循环冷却器的微波装置,在低功率微波条件下,对干酪乳杆菌鼠李糖亚种（Lactobacillus casei subsp．rhamnosus）X1—12进行诱变处理,在微波功率为400W、辐射时间3min的诱变条件下得到一突变菌株W4-3-9,其L-乳酸产量为115．8g／L,比原始菌株X1-12提高了58．0％,连续遗传10代,产酸性状稳定．采用原子力显微镜（AFM）对未辐射的原始菌株和高产酸的突变菌株的表面形态和DNA进行观察对比,获得了微波辐射前后干酪乳杆菌的细胞表面形态和DNA的AFM图像．     

钕、镧掺杂氧化锌薄膜的制备及形貌

通过射频磁控溅射技术在Si(111)衬底上制备了Nd,La掺杂的ZnO薄膜.应用XRD分析了所制备薄膜的微结构,Nd,La掺入了ZnO晶格,没有改变ZnO薄膜的结构,薄膜为沿(100),(101)方向生长的纳米多晶结构.通过AFM观测与分析表明,Nd,La掺杂ZnO薄膜的表面形貌粗糙,呈现拱形.Nd3+离子与La3+离子4f轨道上电子数不同可能是Nd,La掺杂ZnO薄膜生长差异的主要原因.     

Investigation of structural change of purple membrane in storage by transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscope

The structural change of purple membrane during storage has been investigated by means of transmis sion electron microscope and atomic force microscope. It is found that many liposomes have spontaneously evolved from the purple membrane sheets isolated three years ago. The membrane proteins on the liposomes, bacteriorhodopsin, are still presented as trimers in 2-D hexagonal structure, which is the same as that in natural cell membrane. However, the cytoplasmic surface of purple membrane faced outside on the liposomes.     

Stretching and imaging studies of single DNA molecules

DNA molecules were stretched on silanized mica surface with the molecular combing technique, and detected with fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Meantime, DNA molecules were stretched with a modified dynamic molecular combing technique and studied with atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that, compared with the dynamic molecular combing technique, the modified dynamic molecular combing technique has advantages of less-sample demand and less contamination to sample; as compared with the molecular combing technique, it has better aligning effect and reproducibility. Combination of this kind of DNA molecular manipulating technique with the single DNA molecule detecting technique by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy will play an important role in the basic research of molecular dynamics and the application of gene research.     

多取代C60-聚苯乙烯材料的合成及微观摩擦学研究

为设计并合成具有优良摩擦学性能的润滑材料和研究其摩擦润滑机理 ,介绍了表面修饰的 C6 0 功能高分子复合新材料的摩擦学研究工作。采用自由基聚合方法合成了多取代 C6 0 -聚苯乙烯 ,对其物理化学性能做了表征 ,并采用 L B膜制备技术制备分子有序膜和原子力 /摩擦力显微镜测试微观摩擦学特性。测试结果表明 ,实验合成了目标产物 ,这种高分子材料可形成有序且紧密的 L B膜 ,可望成为有效的分子润滑材料     

分子手术——纳米生物学的新领域

本文扼要地介绍了纳米生物学这一纳米科技与生物学的交叉科学。重点综述了分子手术这一21世纪的外科手术的发展历程和研究进展,并对分子手术及其应用前景做了展望。     

单分子力谱

基于原子力显微镜技术的单分子力谱是研究高分子体系中的分子内与分子间相互作用, 进而揭示其超分子结构的本质及动态过程的一种新型纳米表征技术. 结合我们近期的研究工作, 概述了单分子力谱的工作原理及单分子拉伸的判断标准, 讨论了单分子力学谱与超分子结构、高分子界面吸附形态与力谱形状、分子间特异性相互作用的直接测量等, 并对该领域的未来发展作了展望.     

成膜助剂对核壳结构乳胶粒子成膜过程的影响

以核壳结构丙烯酸酯乳液为研究对象,采用扩散波光谱技术(diffusing-wave spectroscopy, DWS)对成膜助剂二丙二醇丁醚(DPNB)在乳液成膜过程的作用机理进行了研究。通过获取乳胶粒子在成膜过程中多级动态散射光的散斑干涉波动频率随时间的变化规律,确定DPNB在粒子相互排列阶段就开始起作用,且随着DPNB用量的增加,谱图由多峰变为双峰,最终呈现单峰;结合最低成膜温度(MFFT)、动态光散射(DLS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等仪器分析发现,得到适用于本体系成膜助剂的最佳使用量为7%~8%（质量分数）,在该成膜助剂用量下粒子边界融合充分,从宏观上表现为连续漆膜。