建立水体沉积物重金属质量基准的方法研究进展

利用20世纪90年代以来加拿大、美国佛罗里达、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国、荷兰及中国香港等国家和地区水体沉积物质量基准研究的最新资料，综述了建立水体沉积物重金属质量基准的方法研究新进展，重点介绍了目前国际上广泛采用的用于制定沉积物质量基准的两种方法-基于生物效应数据库的响应型阈值法(生物效应数据库法)和基于分配模型的相平衡分配法。     

汾河太原段河床沉积物中铬铜的升迁释放研究

通过静态吸附实验和动态模拟实验，研究了汾河太原段河床沉积物对重金属的吸附性能及其升迁释放规律。结果表明：（1）在河床沉积物中，铬铜的存在形态主要以难溶残余态存在，含量百分比分别为44.20%,53.06%；（2）在静态吸附实验中，河床沉积物对铬铜的吸附性能很强，且随pH的升高而略有增加，2h即可达到吸附平衡终点，pH=5时，残留量仅为[Cu^2 ]=4μg/g、[Cr^6 ]=11μg/g,随pH的升高和净度的增加而减小，但[Cr^6 ]、[Cu^2 ]升迁释放量很小，仅占总量的1.1%-0.9%和4.3%-1.9%；（3）河床沉积物中铬铜的升迁释放是一个缓慢的过程，释放量随pH的升高而减小。     

末次盛冰期以来长江入海历史的回顾与展望

比较全面地回顾了末次盛冰期以来有关东海海平面变化、长江入海历史、长江河口海岸演变、陆架上的古河道等方面的研究进展；分析了关于末次盛冰期时长江入海状况现存两种截然不同的看法，指出了可能存在的问题。提出了今后的研究方向，即应加强对因气候、海平面变化引起的河道变形作用以及长江与古环境间的相互作用及相互影响的研究，特别是应加强对陆架泥质沉积物的研究，以期取得突破性进展。     

原子吸收光谱法在我国海洋环境样品分析中的应用

综述原子吸收光谱法在海洋环境样品分析中的应用，通过参考近50篇相关文献，主要介绍了原子吸收光谱法在河口海区沉积物、海洋生物、海水和海洋大气等方面的具体应用。基本上反映了原子吸收光谱法在环境化学分析领域的最新应用，并阐明了独到的见解．因而具有一定的参考价值．     

Quaternary high-resolution opal record and its paleoproductivity implication at ODP Site 1143,southern South China Sea

The correlation of opal content and MAR with oxygen isotopic records of benthonic foraminifera at Site 1143, southern South China Sea indicates that,since about 900 ka,the increasing opal content and MAR during the interglacial periods is inferred to reflect the bigher surface productivity ,for the intensified summer monsoon during the interglacial periods would result in the enhanced upwelling and nutrient supply,Time-sequence spectral analyses of oxygen isotopic record ,opal content and MAR at intervals of 0-900 ka reveal that the changes of surface productivity were dominantly forced by the variations of the earth orbital cycles.     

Cryptomelane（KxMn8-xO16）： Natural active octahedral molecular sieve（OMS-2）

The Xiangtan manganese deposit (XTM) used to be considered a supergene oxide manganese ore in South China. We reported a new identification of the naturally outcropping cryptomelane by examining the physical, chemical and structural features of the XTM supergene oxide manganese ore. The MnO2 content was over 90%, K2O more than 3%, and water from 2.2%-3.1% which is similar to one in zeolite. The cell parameters of the cryptomelane were given as a0 = 0.9974 nm, b0 = 0.2863 nm, c0 = 0.9693 nm and β= 91.47°. There was a larger pseduotetragonal tunnel in the natural cryptomelane that was formed by [MnO6] octahedral double chains with aperture of 0.462×0.466 nm2, filled with K cations resulting in some Mn3+ substituting for Mn4+ to balance the negative charges of structure. The finding is important not only for prospecting manganese resources in South China, but also in application of octahedral molecular sieve of natural cryptomelane as that developed in the tetragonal molecular sieve of natural zeolite o     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.     

中国鲎黄色结缔组织营养细胞超微结构观察

利用透射电镜对中国鲎营养细胞进行超微结构观察．营养细胞为鲎黄色结缔组织的主要构成细胞．营养细胞往往外包基膜，胞质中含有丰富的营养颗粒和脂肪颗粒．营养细胞由结缔组织中的营养母细胞分化而来．营养母细胞的细胞质膜特别发达。胞质少；原始营养细胞胞质增大许多，核质比变小。细胞器增多，特别是线粒体和内质网数量增多；随着营养细胞的发育，胞质中形成大量的营养颗粒和脂肪颗粒．营养颗粒和脂肪颗粒是鲎机体营养的储存库．营养颗粒被消化过程中。形成结构各异的残余体．     

沉积物对汽油机碳氢排放物形成的预测与实验研究

建立了汽油机燃烧室沉积物处未燃碳氢生成和氧化模型，测量了有、无燃烧室沉积物时发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度．实验结果表明：沉积物的存在将增加发动机碳氢排放量，在本实验用机及实验条件下，沉积物将使发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度增加２０％～３０％．计算结果表明：本模型能较好地预测出沉积物形成的排气碳氢摩尔浓度