福州西湖沉积物磷形态垂向变化特征

采用化学连续提取法对福州西湖两个柱状沉积物样品中垂向不同形态磷进行分级提取分析.结果表明:1#样品表层沉积物总磷含量在830μg/g左右,垂向各层总磷呈“S”状分布;2#样品表层沉积物总磷含量在700μg/g左右,垂向各层总磷呈“7”状分布.两个柱状沉积物垂向各层均以无机磷为主,占总磷含量的80%~90%,其中铁磷含量远远高于铝磷和钙磷的含量,占总磷量的50%~60%.两个柱状沉积物垂向各层中闭蓄态磷含量很低,说明沉积物中自然来源的磷很少,主要以人为输入为主,垂向各层磷形态和含量的不同,反映了不同时期和不同程度的人为输入磷的污染.     

兰州马兰黄土的工程地质特性

采用不同的原位及室内测试方法，分别在兰州和欧洲两地对兰州地区马兰黄土的物理、力学及水理性质进行了系统测试。通过对大量试验资料的统计、计算和分析研究，综合评价了兰州地区马兰黄土的工程地质性质，揭示了其基本规律，初步探讨了马兰黄土沉积区的地质灾害成因。     

Quaternary high-resolution opal record and its paleoproductivity implication at ODP Site 1143,southern South China Sea

The correlation of opal content and MAR with oxygen isotopic records of benthonic foraminifera at Site 1143, southern South China Sea indicates that,since about 900 ka,the increasing opal content and MAR during the interglacial periods is inferred to reflect the bigher surface productivity ,for the intensified summer monsoon during the interglacial periods would result in the enhanced upwelling and nutrient supply,Time-sequence spectral analyses of oxygen isotopic record ,opal content and MAR at intervals of 0-900 ka reveal that the changes of surface productivity were dominantly forced by the variations of the earth orbital cycles.     

Cryptomelane（KxMn8-xO16）： Natural active octahedral molecular sieve（OMS-2）

The Xiangtan manganese deposit (XTM) used to be considered a supergene oxide manganese ore in South China. We reported a new identification of the naturally outcropping cryptomelane by examining the physical, chemical and structural features of the XTM supergene oxide manganese ore. The MnO2 content was over 90%, K2O more than 3%, and water from 2.2%-3.1% which is similar to one in zeolite. The cell parameters of the cryptomelane were given as a0 = 0.9974 nm, b0 = 0.2863 nm, c0 = 0.9693 nm and β= 91.47°. There was a larger pseduotetragonal tunnel in the natural cryptomelane that was formed by [MnO6] octahedral double chains with aperture of 0.462×0.466 nm2, filled with K cations resulting in some Mn3+ substituting for Mn4+ to balance the negative charges of structure. The finding is important not only for prospecting manganese resources in South China, but also in application of octahedral molecular sieve of natural cryptomelane as that developed in the tetragonal molecular sieve of natural zeolite o     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.     

沉积物对汽油机碳氢排放物形成的预测与实验研究

建立了汽油机燃烧室沉积物处未燃碳氢生成和氧化模型，测量了有、无燃烧室沉积物时发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度．实验结果表明：沉积物的存在将增加发动机碳氢排放量，在本实验用机及实验条件下，沉积物将使发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度增加２０％～３０％．计算结果表明：本模型能较好地预测出沉积物形成的排气碳氢摩尔浓度     

关于黄土湿陷起始压力、湿陷起始含水量的探讨

在不同压力下，湿陷性黄土试验实测变形与含水量关系曲线族上有一变形陡增段，陡增段的出现表明在此含水量变化区间变形对含水量变化敏感。变形分界压力和变形分界含水量概念以及相关经验公式的初步探讨，不仅为研究黄土湿陷起始压力、湿陷起始含水量问题提供了一个新思路，而且在工程实践中也具有一定的实用价值。     

兰州地区古气候变化的奇怪吸引子研究

利用兰州九洲台黄土剖面磁化率资料分析了古气候变化的混沌特性。结果表明，该地区．４Ｍａ以来的古气候具有有限个自由工的复杂系统，吸引子的关联维数为４．３，饱和度嵌入维数为１２。．     

黄土发育表土结皮过程和微结构分析的试验研究

对采自晋西离石的马兰黄土进行了模拟降雨试验，研究表土微结构与表土结皮发育过程的关系．模拟降雨强度为１．２ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ，降雨历时为１～３０ｍｉｎ．通过对表土微结构的变化观测可以清楚看到，在３０ｍｉｎ降雨过程中经历了两次表土结皮的形成过程．初始形成的表土结皮是很不稳定的，在表土结皮的初期发育阶段较容易被破坏．在稍后阶段形成的表土结皮会更加稳定．观测到的表土微结构变化过程揭示出它们是呈周期性变化：团聚体被破坏、土壤颗粒发生垂直和水平位移、表土结皮层和淋溶层的孔隙和结构不断形成和破坏、表土结皮的形成破坏、表土变得比较密实．土壤抗剪强度可以用标准锥体贯入仪来测定，由土壤含水量和土壤抗剪强度关系得到的表土结皮强度指标与观测到的表土微结构变化密切相关．     

对水泥黄土工程强度的试验研究

水泥黄土可用作地方建材，亦可防治黄土湿陷等地基处理。水泥黄土的抗压强度是其质量指标的集中反映。本文通过试验和资料分析，对水泥黄土的强度、影响强度的主要因素和强度动态进行了研究，并提出了水泥黄土优选的外加剂。