When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

Inhibiting effect of melittin on pathogens of crops

The spectrum of antimicrobial effects of melittin were investigated on 19 pathogens by using a cylin-der-plate method with serial dilutions. Bacteriostatic efficiency and possible mechanistic effects were monitored via growth curves. The mechanism of inhibition was further analyzed by SDS-PAGE, flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Melittin had a wide inhibition spectrum and killed pathogens ef-fectively, and bacteriostatic action was influenced by factors such as pH and temperature. We eluci-dated three inhibitory mechanisms: melittin integrated with the cell membrane causing cell bursting and cytoplasm release, inhibited the synthesis of proteins and caused the cytoplasm to condense, and delayed pathogens in phase I (or phase G1) so that they could not complete the cell cycle. These re-sults suggest that melittin could serve as a broad-spectrum biological pesticide with fast-action and high-efficiency.     

陕西省企业信息资源集成机制的分析

介绍了企业信息资源集成机制的定义和要素,分析了陕西省企业信息资源存在的问题,结合集成管理理论,提出了企业信息资源的集成机制。     

知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制

介绍了知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制,指出知识产权的独占性与利益平衡机制是相统一的,提出促进两者和谐发展的建议。     

我国应对反倾销的主要措施及其评析

面对国外此起彼伏的反倾销调查,虽然我国采取了各种各样的反倾销应对措施,在一些反倾销案件上取得了胜利,也得出了经验教训,但仍存在一些问题,如企业应诉不力、预警机制不完善、商会和行业协会的作用有待进一步发挥;政府重视不够等。本文试图通过对应对反倾销的主要措施进行评析,促使我国寻找更为有效的反倾销应对手段,使我国的出口企业能借助各方面的力量,不断完善我国反倾销的应对措施。     

篮球运动中膝关节髌骨劳损的体育康复方法

髌骨劳损是篮球运动中的多发性运动损伤,探讨损伤发生机制,寻找简单实用的体育康复方法,使运动中出现的损伤加速恢复,将大大减少损伤所带来的负面影响。     

外部经济应用的非对称性与区际生态补偿机制

分析我国现行生态保护建设政策，指出以往政策使用效果上的不足和补偿机制的对生态产品生产的激励作用，阐述了生态建设中资源转移对效率的关系，通过模型论证生态产品生产中为提高生产效率和社会福利对资源进行转移的必要性，探讨建立生态补偿机制的实现途径，并提出相应的政策建议。     

先秦儒家的义利观与道德回报

先秦儒家的义利观以“义”为核心，围绕义利之辩展开，其代表人物孔子、孟子、苟子在百家争鸣中充分阐释了他们重义轻利，义以为上，以义克利等义利思想。通过分析儒家的义利观，我们看到建立在“义利合一”基础之上的道德回报对于提高整个社会道德水平所起的重要作用，在建设社会主义和谐社会的今天，建立道德回报的有效机制有着重要意义。     

注重学生个性发展构建高职人才培养新机制

教育与人的个性发展既是教育理论问题,更是重要的教育实践问题。实施“个性化”培养应改革教学管理制度,全面实施学分制管理、构建灵活实用的课程体系,满足自主学习和就业的需求、实行特长生导师制,提升学生自主创新能力、开展丰富多彩的校园科技文化活动,促进学生个性发展。     

专利制度——推动科技成果市场对接的有效制度

从世界各国情况看，在市场经济条件下，鼓励技术创新，推进科技成果尽快与市场对接转化．最根本的是要建立一种机制和一种制度．国外几百年专利制度的历史和国内十几年的实践都已充分并且还将继续证明：专利制度是推动和保护技术创新、促进科技成果与市场对接的长期有力的有效机制，是政府推动技术创新的核心政策手段。专利制度的作用贯穿于技术创新的全过程．对解决我省长期存在的科技与经济”两张皮”问题具有重要的作用。