废水处理系统中功能菌株特异分子标记

用40条10碱基随机引物对油脂化工废水处理系统中分离到的降解脂肪酸和脂肪胺功能菌株FA-2。FA-3及对照菌株进行RAPD分析。筛选出长度为700bp的FA-2的特异性片段,并克隆到pMD 18-T载体上．根据测序结果,设计了1对SCAR(sequence characterized anlplfied region)引物,通过SCAR-PCR反应,获得SCAR标记,并通过对20个培养样品进行PCR扩增,验证了标记特异性．结果表明该标记可作为特异的分子标记用于污水处理系统中功能菌株FA-2的监测．     

准噶尔盆地南缘古近系-新近系异常高压系统与油气成藏机理

运用钻井压力监测、电缆测试实测压力和声波时差等资料,对准噶尔盆地南缘古近系一新近系中普遍存在的异常高压地层进行了识别。研究结果表明,研究区存在滞排型和顶封滞排型两种异常高压系统,其中欠压实作用、封隔层封闭作用和构造抬升作用是异常高压系统的主要成因;同时认为异常高压对该地区油气成藏具有控制作用。准噶尔盆地南缘呼图壁地区的滞排型异常高压系统有益于气藏的形成和保存;独山子异常高压系统只对超压系统形成之前和同期运移来的油气起封隔和保存作用,而对后期的油气向系统内运移起阻止作用,从而影响油气聚集。     

Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

The model of defense gene expression induced by signaling molecule β-ocimene

β-ocimene, a kind of monoterpene, was found recently as a plant communication signal molecule. It has two isomeric forms in nature: cis-β-ocimene and trans-β-ocimene. According to recent reports, all investigated plants, such as corn, cotton, lima bean, potato, tobacco, arabidopsis, and Mediterranean pine, could release the chemical component β-ocimene after fed by arthropod herbivores,     

Synthesis and crystal structure of tetranuclear zinc benzoate

A tetranuclear zinc benzoate Zr4O(C6H5CO2)6 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal determination. It crystallizes in cubic, space group Ia-3d. Its crystal cell is very large, α=4.10063(18)nm, V=68.953(5)nm^3 and Z=48. The structure is composed of discrete Zr4O(C6H5CO2)6 molecules. In each molecule, four zinc atoms are held together by a central oxygen atom, which results in the formation of a regular tetrahedron. All benzoate ligands coordinate to zinc atoms in a bidentate bridging mode. Each zinc atom is in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry, coordinated by three benzoate oxygen atoms and the central oxygen atom. The intermolecular interactions result in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular framework, with non-intersecting parallel channels.     

广西泥盆系弗拉阶-法门阶之交分子地层研究

运用GC-MS分析仪对23件样品的检测结果显示:广西泥盆系弗拉阶-法门阶(F/F)之交分子化石主要由正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类、甾类构成,其先体主要为海源浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖非光合作用的菌类和陆源高等植物,其中浮游植物和浮游动物是构成F/F事件期台盆碳酸盐相生物量的主体;n Pr /n Ph <1(Ph为植烷,Pr为姥鲛烷)或♂1、n ph /n C 18 值较高、C 16 ～C24 具有明显的偶碳优势表明,F/F之交广西为蒸发量、盐度和缺氧程度较高的海相碳酸盐环境.F/F之交生物集群绝灭是中泥盆世晚期以来环境不断恶化的结果,多次天体撞击对晚泥盆世不断恶化的生态系无异于雪上加霜;高温导致的高蒸发量、较高盐度和水柱底层缺氧是低纬度礁生态系、浅水海相生物集群绝灭的最直接杀手.     

微尺度条件下气液相变的若干问题浅析

基于气液相变基础理论,以沸腾过程为切入点,试图探讨微尺度条件下气液相变的一些本质性问题。按照相变过程的时间序列,分析活化分子聚集体的性质、微小尺度对活化分子聚集体的影响、槽道尺寸对气泡生长过程的影响等几个方面,在一定程度上揭示了微尺度与常规尺度条件下相变过程的联系与区别。     

东海真光层深度的遥感反演与影响机理研究

利用水色遥感资料,通过建立遥感反演模型获得了我国东海海域1998年逐月真光层深度的时空分布.对东海真光层深度的季节性变化特征进行了总结,并分析了关键影响因素的控制机理.结果表明,季节性温度变化、长江入海冲淡水、海流的季节性分布(黑潮及东海暖流)以及不同物理、化学特征水团的锋面过程,是导致我国东海海域真光层深度季节性变化的主要控制因素.     

"半个原子"矛盾的形成与解决

在近代化学史上曾经产生过“半个原子”的矛盾,它的形成与解决构成了近代化学发展的一条主线。透过近代化学发展的历史不难发现,道尔顿原子论是近代化学史上的一项划时代的成就,但是它存在着一个自身不能克服的内在矛盾,即道尔顿把化合物的“原子”称为“复杂原子”。道尔顿原子论之理论自身这一矛盾的外化,导致产生了“半个原子”的矛盾。为了解决“半个原子”的矛盾,阿佛加德罗在盖·吕萨克的实验基础上,进行了科学合理的推论,引入了分子概念,提出了分子假说,初步解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。在此基础上,坎尼扎罗完成了科学的“原子-分子”理论体系,最终完善地解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。这个过程再现了唯物辩证法的“扬弃观”、“内因论”和“外因论”的思想,依次具体体现为科学理论的曲折发展律、内在矛盾动力律和内在矛盾外化律。客观地考证分析“半个原子”矛盾的形成和解决的过程,并全面地总结科学理论的发展规律,对于深刻地理解科学的“原子-分子”理论,对于全面地理解唯物辩证法的基本规律,对于在中学化学教育全面培养学生的科学素质和人文素质等,具有重大的理论价值和巨大的现实意义。     

Molecular self-assembly behavior of mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-β-CD in solution and solid state

A novel modified cyclodextrin, mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-]-β-CD (1), has been synthesized by the reaction of mono[6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)]-β-CD with 4-hydroxybenzoate, and its molecular self-assembly behavior in both solution and solid state was studied by means of crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. The results indicate that the bezoic acid groups are successively penetrated intermolecularly into the adjacent β-CD cavities to form helical columnar supramolecules in the solid state. As compared with crystal, the similar self-assembly behavior of 1 in aqueous solution has also been confirmed by the ^1H ROESY spectroscopy. Thermodynamically, the formation of polymeric supramolecules by modified CD in aqueous solution is mainly driven by entropy changes.