河西固沙林群落和林下土壤的演替发育及稳定性

通过对河西人工固沙林植被群落和土壤生物结皮演替发育及稳定性的调查发现,在降雨量大于100mm的地区,其人工固沙林群落的植物种在不断增加,向复杂、较稳定的方向演化;能固土保水,并能形成适宜的小气候环境,使沙丘面发育1cm~2cm厚的生物结皮,结皮下发生4cm~5cm的成土层,而且,不断向养分积累、层次分化、构型地带性的成土方向演化。在降雨量小于100mm的地区,人工固沙林虽然也能增加物种、固土保种、并形成一定的小气候环境,但是,由于其水分的补偿较少,所形成的小气候环境的作用微弱,又由于自然的旱化、盐化、沙化程度加重,人工植被群落先发生进展性演替,然后又向简单化、强度旱生化方向发展。从其发展阶段和速度而言,属于外因、次生、波动性演替。从生态系统的演替发育观出发,认为当土壤生物结皮物形成和良好发育才是流动沙丘趋于固定的标志。     

固定化双菌串联发酵生产1，3-丙二醇

以葡萄糖为底物，利用分别固定化的酵母Candida krusei ICM-Y-05和肺炎杆菌Klebsiella pneumoniae ZJU 5205串联发酵生产1,3-丙二醇。实验结果表明，由C.krusei发酵而得粗甘油只需经简单离心后即可被K.pneumoniae所利用。将C.krusei包埋于NaCS/PDMDAAC生物微胶囊中，并于气升式反应器中发酵，所得发酵液直接流入固定床反应器，同时向固定床反应器补充微量元素，发酵培养经NaCS/PDMDAAC生物微胶囊包埋的K.pneumoniae，产物即为1,3-丙二醇。三批次发酵实验结果表明，1,3-丙二醇/葡萄糖的最终摩尔转化率为0.295。     

生物采矿

生物采矿是指用生物技术对金属矿石或精矿进行处理的一种生物工艺学。该领域由上世纪60年代发展至今，已成为一门涉及到地质学、化学工程、微生物及分子生物学在内的许多貌似不相干学科的跨领域应用科学。本书侧重于从应用的角度介绍了生物采矿领域中不同的工业过程及其原理和它涉及的生物学知识。     

锇聚合物修饰丝网印刷电极的辣根过氧化物酶传感器

酶生物传感器检测环境污染应用前景良好。该文采用戊二醛-牛血清白蛋白交联法将锇-聚乙烯基吡啶(Os(bpy)2(PVP)10Cl2,Os-PVP)与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)依次固定在丝网印刷电极上,制备电流型过氧化氢生物传感器。通过循环伏安法对修饰电极的氧化还原性质进行研究,并采用计时-电流法对传感器的固定化和工作参数进行了研究,以便提高信号响应的灵敏度和稳定性。在最适合条件下,底物在修饰电极表面进行催化反应的表观Michaelis-Menten常数kampp为1.79mmol/L,并确定以HRP酶为标记物的免疫传感器所采用的底物浓度宜大于20倍的kmapp。     

Bioscouring Knitted Cotton Fabric with an Experimental Pectate Lyase

An experimental pectate lyase enzyme was used toscour knitted cotton fabric and the emphasis was on pectinremoval. Using an enzyme dosage of 0.2 g/L at temperature55℃ and pH 6.35 for 30 rain, good scouring properties wereobtained. When appropriate concentrations of 1 - HydroxyEthylidene- 1, 1 - Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP) and CaCl2were added, the percentage pectin removal improvedsignificantly.     

临沧发展“生物柴油”膏桐产业初探

能源是经济社会可持续发展的动力，也是人类赖以生存和进步的物质基础。能源危机是人类面临的世界性的问题，开发清洁的、可再生的新能源已成为关系经济社会可持续发展的重大课题，用可再生能源逐步代替不可再生能源是未来能源总的发展趋势。本文对临沧发展“生物柴油”产业进行了初步探讨。     

仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体研究

仿生材料目前是各国科学家关注的焦点,理论与实验研究已经取得很大进展。本文主要对模仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体进行了综述。     

Impact of dissolved humic acid on the bioavailability of acenaphthene and chrysene assessed by membrane-based passive samplers

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is known to reduce the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aqueous environments. This reduction occurs as a result of adsorption to DOC, apparently reducing the freely dissolved concentration of HOCs. In the present study, triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to measure the uptake of acenaphthene and chrysene in the presence of commercial humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0―15 mg C·L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. Apparent uptake rate constants for PAHs in TECAM and medaka were compared and DOC-water partition coefficients (KDOCs) of two PAHs were calculated with different sampling methods by model fit. Results showed that HA present in water significantly reduced the uptake of PAHs in TECAM and medaka. The obtained values of log KDOC of acenaphthene and chrysene measured by TECAM were 4.63 and 5.83, respectively, whereas biologically determined values were 4.52 and 5.76, respectively. These log KDOC values were comparable to earlier published KDOCs toward commercial HA, thereby indicating that TECAM accumulated only the freely dissolved fraction of chemicals and uptake PAHs in a manner similar to that of fish. All these results suggested that the TECAM method can provide a good means for assessing the impact of DOC on bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous environment.     

橄榄多酚

由中国科学院成都生物研究所主持研究的城市有机垃圾处理技术，将城市垃圾通过分选后综合治理，将可腐有机垃圾生产成优质有机粉肥或有机无机复混粒肥，将可燃有机垃圾采用气化焚烧或生产成板材，无机垃圾用于填埋，处理过程中产生的废气、臭气、粉尘集中处理，废水循环使用，处理场地环境卫生达到国家标准，使垃圾达到无害化和更合理的资源化利用．     

The mechanism of HIT/DLR prosthetic hand

A multi-sensory five-fingered prosthetic hand has been designed on the basis of underactuated mechanism and coupling principle. The hand is much similar to the adult hand. Three motors actuate the thumb, the index finger and the other three fingers each. The hand comprises 13 joints. Actuated by a motor, the thumb can move along a conic surface, which is superior in appearance. Driven by another motor with springs as transmission elements, the mid finger, ring finger and little finger can envelop objects with complex shape. The sensory system and the appearance design are introduced. It was verified by experiments that the hand has strong capacity of self adaptation and can accomplish accurate and powerful grasp for objects with complex shape.