热带与亚热带环境地球化学

“第三届热带国家环境地球化学专题讨论会”1999年在巴西举行。来自22个国家的170位学者参加了会议，研究了若干与环境和经济相关的问题。本书将前三届会议的成果汇集在一起，介绍了有关过去10年内所累积的热带与亚热带环境地球化学知识。     

Mesoscale eddy effects on the wintertime vertical mixing in the formation region of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water

Mesoscale eddy effects on the wintertime vertical mixing in the formation region of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water （NPSTMW） are studied using hydrographic data from Argo profiling floats deployed in the Kuroshio recirculation region in February and March of 2001. Anticyclonic （warm） eddy enhances the wintertime vertical mixing and results in the deep mixed layer and the deep thermocline. Consequently, a large volumetric water mass with low potential vorticity corresponding to the prototype of NPSTMW tends to be formed. By contrast, cyclonic （cold） eddy is unfavorable for the vertical mixing process and halts the deepening of the mixed layer and thus the formation of mode water. Further analysis shows that cyclonic eddies prevail in the late 1990s in the formation region of NPSTMW, which lead to significant suppression of the wintertime vertical mixing （96-98） and thus are unfavorable for the formation of NPSTMW; while the situation is completely reversed in the early 1990s （93-95）.     

Spiral rainband in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone

Spiral rainband is a prominent structure of tropical cyclone. Though its forming mechanism, vortex Rossby wave theory, has been widely accepted in recent years,its internal structural features are still not well known. The spiral rainband in the severe tropical storm Kammuri (2002),which caused heavy rainfall in southeast China, is simulated using the mesoscale model MM5 (V3). Results show that the simulated spiral rainband propagates azimuthally at a speed close to that of vortex Rossby wave in theory, and is accompanied with energy dispersion in the radial direction. The structural features of simulated spiral rainband are analyzed with the high-resolution model output including the full physical process. Positive vorticity, ascending motion, horizontal momentum and so on are highly concentrated in the spiral rainband. The convergent moisture of spiral rainband comes mostly from the planetary boundary layer under 1 km.Airflow from the outside of spiral rainband is convective instability, which can provide instability energy for convection development. However, the atmospheric stratification in the inside of spiral rainband is neutral, implying that the instability energy has been released. There is a mesoscale strong wind band just near the spiral rainband in the outer side with a maximum wind speed exceeding 30 m/s, which results from the pressure force acceleration when the air flows into the spiral rainband along the gradient of pressure.     

热带下平流层重力波的季节和年际变化特征

利用位于热带太平洋中的Truk岛（7.4°N，151.8°E）长达7年的（1998—2004年）高垂直分辨率探空观测资料分析了热带地区下平流层（18—25km）重力波活动的气候特征.分析结果显示，在该高度范围内，重力波活动表现出明显的季节变化，总能量在一月份达到最大，6月份最小；这种变化与北半球西风带向南扩张从而加强当地对流活动的气候特征是一致的.研究结果还表明，重力波活动还有显著的与赤道QBO周期一致的年际变化.赤道QBO的东风位相向西风位相转变的时段，重力波能量总是达到异常的最大，此地区重力波活动的年际变化与QBO密切相关.此外还介绍了重力波的其他参数，如固有频率，垂直波长和传播方向.     

Dust storm in Asia continent and its bio-environmental effects in the North Pacific： A case study of the strongest dust event in April, 2001 in central Asia

The iron hypothesis, first proposed by John Martin in 1990[1], suggests that some surface oceans such as North and Equatorial Pacific Oceans have high nutrient but low chlorophyll (HNLC). Thus iron coming from terrestrial dusts is the primary factor limit…     

北京大学濮祖荫教授被推选为国际著名期刊Journal of Geophysical Research——Space Physics的主编

北京大学地球与空间科学学院濮祖荫教授被美国地球物理学会任命为Journal of Geophysical Research（Space Physics）的新一届亚洲与太平洋区域主编，任期为4年（2006-2009）．     

云南降水场与太平洋海温场典型相关分析

 利用典型相关理论分析云南省5月份降水场与头年5月至当年4月各月太平洋热带海温距平场之间的关系,得出一些有意义的结果.并通过1994～1995年的预报,效果较理想.     

热带轧机轧辊表面氧化膜疲劳脱落的有限元分析

根据热带轧机工作辊与支撑辊之间的接触应力、带钢与工作辊之间的应力,以及轧制过程中的轧辊热应力解析结果,利用大型有限元分析工具ANSYS分析了热轧带钢轧辊的表面氧化膜疲劳脱落问题·结果表明,随着加载次数的增加,氧化膜在原有微裂纹处沿X方向的疲劳应力增加,这将导致在原有微裂纹处沿Y方向产生疲劳裂纹·在氧化膜与轧辊基体的结合面上,由于剪切应力的增加将发生沿轧辊氧化膜与轧辊基体结合部位X方向疲劳裂纹·由于X方向疲劳裂纹和Y方向疲劳裂纹的不断扩展,使得裂纹相遇而导致了轧辊表面氧化膜的脱落·     

四种鳕鱼的形态学研究

本文对蓝鳕（Micromesistus poutassou），远东宽突鳕（Eleginus gracilis），大西洋鳕（Gadus morhua）和太平洋鳕（G.macrocephalus）等4种经济鳕鱼类进行了细致的观察，对其分节及量度特征进行了测定分析，发现所测数据与国内外资料存在一些差异，并补充描述了各种的身孔、牙齿等形态特征。统计检验表明，蓝鳕的第1臂鳍鳍条数，鳃耙数与其他鳕鱼存在显著差异，远东宽突鳕的脊椎骨数与其他鳕鱼存在显著差异，大西洋鳕和太平洋鳕在上述性状上的差异不明显，但2者的体色有明显差异，从形态特征聚类分析图得知宽突鳕属与鳕属亲缘关系近，而蓝鳕属与鳕属亲缘关系远。