SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Photocatalytic effect of nature and modified V-bearing rutile

A natural rutile TiO2, which displays photocatalysis on degrading halohydrocarbon pollutants, was reported. The rutile contains up to 1.22% V2O5 (weight percent). Substitutions of Ti by V, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn, result in lattice distortions and defects. Grinding, heating and quenching modify the surface characteristics of ruffle, and consequently increase its photoactivity. It is found that the heating and quenching treatments enhance visible-light absorption of ruffle, especially at 1000 and 1100℃. Ground rutile is effective to degrade tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. While, heating at 1000℃, and quenching at 1000 and 1100℃ distinctly improve degradation rate of samples. The special properties of the natural rutile have particular capabilities in photocatalytic oxidation, especially in degradation of halohydrocarbons.     

重组人尿激酶原氨基末端片段的制备及活性测定

尿激酶原的N-末端135个氨基酸片段包含了表皮生长因子结构域和环柄结构域，参与了尿激酶原和其受体的结合以及尿激酶原诱导的化学趋化活性．利用RT-PCR，从人脐带静脉内皮细胞中克隆ATF基因．将ATF基因插入pET-29a( )中构建表达质粒pET-29a( )／ATF，并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中，经IPTG诱导表达及纯化后，从每升培养液中获得15mg rhATF，其纯度超过95％．活性测定结果表明rhATF能够阻断尿激酶原与尿激酶受体的结合，并能抑制尿激酶对纤溶酶原以及纤溶酶对尿激酶原的激活．     

基于苯乙酮的肟醚-酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

合成了10个新型的肟醚-酰胺类化合物，所合成的新化合物经^1H NMR、元素分析和MS进行了结构确证．初步的生物活性测定表明新化合物普筛时Nb对黄瓜灰霉病菌，Ni对油菜菌核病菌及粘虫有100％的抑制活性。     

共享合成Petri 网系统的活性保持性

讨论了能对资源共享问题进行建模的共享合成操作.重点研究共享合成Petri网系统的活性保持性,同时还讨论了在共享合成过程中系统的并发行为关系即并发语言关系.给出相应的语言关系式,它可用于判定合成系统的活性.进一步,给出了判定合成系统有活性的充分必要条件.最后,提出了合成系统保持子系统活性的条件.     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

室温下N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法合成吡咯-2,5-二乙酰胺

在室温下用一锅反应法以二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）（2 equiv．）为偶合试剂，使用过量（4equiv．）的胺，用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（Hosu）（2 equiv．）活化酯法合成了吡咯-2，5-二酰胺，且产率（70％）比在低温时（63％）有所提高．探讨了选用不同的合成方法及偶合试剂以及反应条件和试剂的用量对合成目标产物的影响．     

Ce改性CuO/γ-Al2O3的稳定性及催化活性研究

以CeO2作为改性添加剂、γ-Al2O3为载体、CuO为活性成分，用分层浸渍的方法制备出负载型CuO—Ceo2／γ-Al2O3湿式氧化催化剂；采用TG—DTA、XRD对其进行表征，研究了Ce的掺杂对载体及活性成分高温稳定性的影响并得出结论：在湿武氧化反应过程中，Ce的掺杂有效抑制了γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变的高温相交，以及活性成分CuO与载体间相互作用形成CuAl2O4昀过程。通过对苯酚的湿式氧化降解实验，获知CeO2的加入可明显提高催化剂活性，其中6％CuO-6％CeO2／1—100％Al2O3的质量组分比对苯酚的催化活性最佳，反应30min，苯酚溶液COD的去除率为91．31%。     

微波法处理高浓度有机废水可行性实验

通过改变微波功率、进水流量和做空白实验、稳定实验等实验方法验证了微波法处理高浓度有机废水的可行性及可靠性.实验研究结果表明,利用微波的加热特性,对高浓度有机废水的处理有明显的效果,但能耗的因素不可忽略,其成本也比较高,工艺条件还应该作进一步的改善,但该技术在环境保护领域具有广泛的应用前景.