开设公共选修"环境与绿色化学"课程的尝试

进入21世纪,人类比以往任何时候都更加关注环境问题,实际上环境问题的解决最终要依靠化学学科与化学教育的发展与进步.绿色化学是20世纪90年代新兴的交叉学科,它所提出的原则、概念具有战略指导意义."环境与绿色化学"应尽快进入课堂,使学生能在"绿色"的高度上认识化学、学习化学、理解化学,从而提高科学素养,增强环境意识.     

创新教育在化学实验教学中的实施

创造力是社会进步的真正动力,是一个国家繁荣强大的推动力和根本保障.江泽民主席指出:"创新是一个民族的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,一个没有创新的民族,难以屹立于世界民族之林."实施创新教育已成为教育教学改革中的重要课题.化学是一门以实验为基础的学科,戴安邦先生曾经说过:"化学实验教学是实施全面化学教育的一种最有效的形式".实验教学有利于培养学生实事求是,严肃认真的科学态度;勇于开拓,团结协作的创新精神及观察、思维、想象、实践等创造力.因此实验教学是中学化学教学中实施创新教育的重要途径.     

微纳米活性复合矿物橡胶助剂的研制

根据白炭黑性能及其在钢丝绳橡胶运输带中作粘合助剂的机理分析研究,通过"矿物/表丽活性剂/橡胶"三相化学界面设计,复合利用多种非金属矿物,并将其超细粉碎至微纳米级粉体,经表面化学改性,研发成功白炭黑等量替代产品,并实现了产业化.提出了微纳米复合矿物粉体经表面设计及化学改性,可以作为橡胶粘合助剂产品的理论和一条工艺技术路线.     

化学新课程实施中学生学习评价的若干问题

学生学习评价是学校教育评价的核心,新课程改革倡导建立促进学生发展的评价体系.本文对化学新课程实施过程中的学习评价理念、评价内容与标准、评价工具,以及评价证据等有关问题作了探讨.     

REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators

Rare earth element (REE) compositions of the suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea were different in that Korean river sediments (Han, Keum and Yeongsan Rivers) yield stronger fractionations than Chinese river sediments (Changjiang, Huanghe and Yalujiang), shown by obvious enrichments of LREE (light rare earth element) relative to UCC (upper continental crust).Variations of source rock compositions in the drainage basins are responsible for the differences of REE compositions between the river sediments. REE fractionation parameters including (La/Yb)ucc and (Gd/Yb)ucc as well as the ratios of La/Sc and Th/Sc can be treated as proper proxies for identifying the Chinese river sediments from those Korean river matters, and furthermore, for studying the provenances and paleoenvironmental changes of the marginal seas of China.     

Grove Mountains （GRV）99027： A new Martian meteorite

We report the petrography, mineral chemistry and oxygen isotopic composition of GRV 99027, a new Martian meteorite recently collected during the 16th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. This meteorite consists of two textural regions. The interstitial region is characterized by the presence of plagioclase and phosphate, and higher FeO contents of olivine and orthopyroxene, in comparison with the poikilitic region. All of the observations are similar to the three known Martian lherzolites. We classify GRV 99027 as the fourth sample of Martian lherzolite.     

试论以实验为基础的化学教学观

以实验为基础是重要的化学教学观.从当前化学教学中"以实验为基础"的教学观淡漠与认识不足出发,从以下4个方向重点论述了化学教学中"以实验为基础"的含义及其实施措施①把实验作为实现中学化学课程目标重要而有效的途径和方法,贯穿于中学化学教学的全过程.②把学生作为实验教学的主体,充分发挥学生在实验中的主观能动性.③把实验作为一种探究活动,强调实验探究教学.④把实验作为实验事实,培养实事求是的科学态度.     

高师化学实验教学体系改革研究

为适应素质教育的需要,改革了高等师范院校本科化学实验课程体系,在实践中培养了学生的综合素质和创新能力.     

以实验技术要素为主线的《普通化学和化学分析实验》课程改革

复旦大学提出"以实验技术要素为主线"的大学化学实验教学体系改革方案.在整合而成的<普通化学和化学分析实验>新课程中,进行3个阶段的实验教学改革尝试第一阶段主要进行化学实验操作入门技术训练,第二阶段主要进行定性和定量分析技术训练,第三阶段主要为无机物制备加上定性和定量分析的复合实验技术训练,并在实验内容安排上为不同学生的个性发展和创新教育留出时间和空间.经过2轮运转并获成效后,2002年起在通识教育的大平台教学基础上继续改革.     

NMR study on self-assembled cage complex of hexamethylenetetramine and cucurbit[n]urils

Self-assembled complexes between cage com-pounds cucurbit[n = 5—8]urils and hexamethylenetetramine were studied by using NMR techniques. Experimental results reveal that hexamethylenetetramine can lid cucurbit[5]uril to forming self-assembled capsules in which nothing is encap-sulated yet; the cavity of the cucurbit[7]uril can accommo-date a hexamethylenetetramine molecule to form a self- assembled host-guest inclusion. Moreover, both the cavity interaction of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl and the portal interaction of the dipole carbonyl of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetramine稨Cl lead to form self-assembled capsules in which the hexamethylene-tetramine稨Cl are encapsulated in the hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl lidded cucurbit[7]uril. Although the structures of the portal and cavity to cucurbit[5]uril are similar, there is no obvious interaction between decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and hexamethylenetetramine, and also between cucurbit [6]uril or cucurbit[8]uril and hexamethylenetetramine.