Effects of water treatments on the activation of soil seed banks – A case study on the lower reaches of the Tarim River

Evaluation of seedling emergence is a common method used to investigate the vegetation restoration potential of soil seed banks. Previous studies have primarily been conducted in the laboratory using a single water treatment. However, when this method is used, it is difficult to optimize the water conditions for the needs of the individual species of seeds. Additionally, the germination conditions for seedlings in the laboratory are different from those in nature. To avoid these issues, we conducted experiments to activate soil seed banks in the field using different water treatments. The results revealed that: (1) generally, the number of species and quantity of seedlings decrease gradually as the water supply decreases, but that for several species most seedlings did not appear when they were provided with the greatest amount of water, and (2) different species present different germination characteristics. According to the rate of seedling emergence, the species were classified into two germination types: fast and slow. In addition, each species also had a unique climax period of emergence, which was delayed with a decrease in water supply. Therefore, the amount of water provided is vital to seedling emergence, and various water treatments should be evaluated when studying the characteristics of different species in soil seed banks. For the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the optimal soil moisture for seedling emergence ranged from 23% to 28%, and seedling conservation should be strengthened during the climax period of emergence (9–15 days from the day when water became available). These results highlight the importance of the use of an optimal water treatment and demonstrate the danger of using a single treatment method. Our results also emphasize the need for a preliminary study prior to conducting studies to evaluate seed banks.     

紫花苜蓿根系活性对PEG胁迫的响应

选用北极星(Polaris)、陇东(Malus)和阿尔冈金(Algonquin)3个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa.L)品种为实验材料,利用PEG模拟水分胁迫,胁迫水势-0.2 Mpa,胁迫96 h后恢复供水96 h,分别测定幼苗根系在胁迫和复水不同时间后的根系活性吸收面积、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛(malondialdehyde ,MDA)含量的变化情况. 结果表明:受到胁迫处理后,供试材料根系的总吸收面积、活跃吸收表面积和活跃比表面积均显著下降,MDA和可溶性糖含量显著增加,但在复水后,仅根系活性吸收面积恢复到了胁迫前水平,而MDA和可溶性糖含量没有完全恢复到对照水平. 品种间相比,陇东根系对水分胁迫的适应能力好于北极星和阿尔冈金.     

英国公共研究机构经费结构分析

以英国三家研究理事会所属的研究机构为例,调查了近年来该国部分公共科研机构在科研经费来源的变化与构成情况,在此基础上对英国公共研究事业经费分配、公共科研机构经费结构分布等方面的特点进行了分析与总结。     

SPAC界面水分通量调控理论及其在农业节水中的应用

提出了农田五水(降水、土壤水、地表水、地下水与作(植)物水)的系统概念,讨论了SPAC(土壤-植物-大气)系统中水分运动过程.内容包括SPAC界面水分通量.基于SPAC界面水分耗散与调控研究,提出了农艺节水模式与应用效果.旨在推进农业节水中应用低成本高效益的农艺节水理论与技术.     

丘陵紫色砾质土/砾石土持水性研究

通过红棕紫泥、灰棕紫泥、棕紫泥和粗暗紫泥的水分实验,研究了丘陵紫色砾质土/砾石土的持水性.结果表明:考虑砾石,饱和含水量减少0.70%～10.70%,田间持水量减少2.07%～4.33%;砾石含量＜10%,饱和含水量和田间持水量与砾石含量关系不明显;砾石含量＞10%,饱和含水量和田间持水量与砾石含量变化趋势相反;在0～30 kPa吸力段,不同坡位0～20 cm土层的持水能力、比水容量与砾石含量变化趋势一致.与物理性粘粒含量变化趋势相反;水分特征曲线幂函数拟合式的a值与砾石含量变化趋势相反,b值与砾石含量变化趋势一致.     

湿度传感器在谷物水分测量电路中的应用

介绍了用于谷物水分测量的电容式湿度传感器的工作原理,并设计了一个相适应的谷物水分测量电路,可用于进行各种颗粒谷物的水分测量.     

关于《实验动物科学与管理》更名为《实验动物科学》的启事

《实验动物科学与管理》迄今已出版、发行了20多年,承蒙广大读者、作者的支持和厚爱及各届编委的悉心呵护和辛勤耕耘,不仅相继被评为“中国科技核心期刊”、“中国科技论文统计源期刊”和《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库》来源期刊,而且所载全文或文献还被中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据-数字化期刊群、中国生物文献数据库、中文生物医学期刊文献数据库、中文科技资料目录-医药卫生光盘数据库、中国实验动物信息网络文献库和中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库等多家检索性期刊数据库收录。     

Na_2CO_3胁迫对朝鲜碱茅草种子萌发中水分吸收及膜透性的影响

为了解Na2CO3胁迫对朝鲜碱茅草种子萌发过程中水分吸收及膜透性的影响,采用不同浓度Na2CO3溶液对朝鲜碱茅草种子进行培养。结果表明:朝鲜碱茅草种子萌发吸水过程可以分为4个阶段,朝鲜碱茅草种子的吸水量随着Na2CO3浓度增高而逐渐降低。不同阶段吸水量随着Na2CO3浓度的上升而下降的幅度不同,第1阶段降低幅度较小,第3阶段较大。当Na2CO3浓度大于4.00%时,朝鲜碱茅草种子不萌发,吸水停滞于第2阶段。朝鲜碱茅草种子的膜透性在吸胀初始时较大,随着时间的延长,膜逐渐得以修复。Na2CO3胁迫下,膜系统修复受阻,Na2CO3浓度与膜透性正相关极其显著,膜修复受阻是Na2CO3胁迫抑制朝鲜碱茅种子萌发的重要原因之一。     

δ^13C and water-use efficiency indicated by δ^13C of different plant functional groups on Changbai Mountains,Northeast China

Leaf δ^13C of different plant functional groups （trees, shrubs and forbs; evergreen and deciduous; annual, biennial and perennial） were examined on the Changbai Mountains, China. Life form has a significant influence on plant δ^13C, suggesting that leaf δ^13C is also ideal for distinguishing functional groups species in temperate and frigid zones with high humidity. Additionally, the difference of water-use efficiency （WUE） is significant among different plant functional groups. δ^13C and WUE are in the following order of forbs 〈 shrubs 〈 trees. Within shrubs, δ^13C and WUE are higher for evergreen shrubs than deciduous shrubs. Differences in δ^13C and WUE are significant among different lifespan herbs, and δ^13C and WUE follow the order of annual herbs 〉 biennial herbs 〉 perennial herbs, not in accordance with the pattern obtained by previous studies in deserts, suggesting that the ranking of δ^13C and WUE among annual, biennial and perennial herbs may be dependent on local water availability.     

中国东部季风区大气降水δ18O的特征及水汽来源

季风环流是水汽输送的重要载体, 它通过影响和制约大尺度水汽输送场的分布和水汽收支状况对季风区的降水产生影响. 对我国受季风影响最为显著的东部地区大气降水中稳定氢氧同位素的研究将有助于对季风降水机制的理解. 2005~2006年各月, 在中国大气降水同位素观测网络(CHNIP)位于该地区的17个观测站点进行了月大气降水样品的采集. 根据得到的274组稳定氢氧同位素组分所建立的局地大气降水线方程δD = 7.46δ18O + 0.90, 反应了该地区独特的局地气候特点. δ¹⁸O值由沿海向内陆地区逐渐贫化, 并且南部和东北地区δ¹⁸O值年内变化存在周期性. 不同地区影响降水同位素的气候因子不同, 由南向北, 温度效应逐渐增强, 降水量效应由全年存在变为只在主要降水期存在. 控制δ¹⁸O的地理因子存在差异: 南部和华北地区为高程, 东北地区是纬度. 此外, δ¹⁸O对季风的进退、雨带的移动以及台风/强热带风暴等强对流天气的运动路径有一定的示踪作用.