北京地区降水年际变化及其城市效应的研究

用北京地区20个站近41年(1960—2000年)年降水资料讨论了北京地区年降水量大尺度年际变化特征及局地年降水距平的城市效应,主要结论有:(1)北京地区年降水量具有大尺度变化特征,其倾向率为-1．197／10a,相当于近41年北京地区年降水量减少了27．82 mm;(2)局地年降水距平百分比在城区附近为正距平中心,形成城市雨岛,其强度以0．6621%/10a增加,城市雨岛的年际变化与北京地区年降水量的年际变化趋势相反;(3)城市雨岛的变化还与天气过程强弱有关．当天气过程强(涝年)时,北京市区雨岛增强,当天气过程弱(旱年)时,北京市区雨岛消失．     

Construction of a novel economy-climate model

An attempt has been made to construct a novel economy-climate model by combining climate change research with agricultural economy research to evaluate the influence of global climate change on grain yields. The insertion of a climate change factor into the economic C-D (Cobb-Dauglas) production function model yields a novel evaluation model, which connects the climate change factor to the eco-nomic variation factor, and the performance and reasonableness of the novel evaluation model are also preliminarily simulated and verified.     

太原市冬季采暖气候背景分析

在分析太原市1961—2001年气象资料的基础上,重新计算了冬季采暖室外计算温度,并从科学角度提出了节能的可能性。     

山西省雷暴气候特征

使用山西72个气象站1971—2004年逐日雷暴资料,分析了山西省雷暴的时空分布特征。结果表明:雷暴主要集中在夏季,且北部、山区多,南部、盆地少,具有显著的纬度地带性及垂直性特征;REOF分析将山西雷暴异常划分为4个区,分别是北部区、南部盆地区、南部山地区和中部区,近34年来,各区域雷暴特征有较大差异,雷暴日数整体有减少趋势。     

太原旅游区位特点及气候因素分析

太原是一座具有2500年历史的古城，历史文化遗产众多，旅游资源丰富，但许多旅游资源还没有转化为旅游产品。太原市的旅游发展具有特殊的区位优势，主要表现在：可开发的客源市场充足；基础设施和环境条件日臻完善；地处山西省疆土的中央，以太原为中心2h-3h路程的“大太原”旅游格局逐渐形成，太原又位于北京与西安两大国际旅游城市连接线的中点，形成北京-山西-陕西旅游黄金通道，太原气候条件优越，文章利用温湿指数和风效指数计算分析了太原全年旅游气候舒适度，得到结论：可以开展旅游的天数可达270d，适宜旅游天数210d，适宜于旅游、休闲、渡假、疗养天数为180d。     

Effects of historical land cover changes on climate

In order to explore the influence of anthropogenic land use on the climate system during the last mil- lennium, a set of experiments is performed with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity—— the McGill Paleoclimate Model (MPM-2). The present paper mainly focuses on biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes. A dynamic scenario of deforestation is described based on changes in cropland fraction (RF99). The model simulates a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.09-0.16℃, especially 0.14-0.22℃ in Northern Hemisphere during the last 300 years. The responses of climate system to GHGs concentration changes are also calculated for comparisons. Now, afforestation is becoming an important choice for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration and adjustment of regional climate. The results indicate that biogeophysical effects of land cover changes cannot be neglected in the assessments of climate change.     

Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions in China

Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions of China in the past 20 years are analyzed by using daily and monthly average tem- perature data from 590 weather stations in China and based on regulations of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Rules (GB50019-2003) and Thermal Design Rules for Civil Building (GB50175-93) (China National Standard). The contribution of climate warming to coal saving for heating during cold seasons in major cities is calculated according to indices of coal consumption for heating in major cities during cold seasons defined in Energy Conservation Design Standard for New Heating Residential Buildings (JCJ26-95). Comparing with the period before 1980, southern boundaries of se- vere cold and cold regions shift toward north up to 2 degrees in latitude since the mid-1980s. Theo- retically, climate warming could contribute to 5%―10% coal savings for heating since the mid-1980s in major cities, and even more since the mid-1990s.     

The orbital scale evolution of regional climate recorded in a long sediment core from Heqing, China

Based on the analysis of carbonate content and loss on ignition for a long sediment core (737 m in length) drilled in Heqing, the orbital scale evolution of the Southwest Monsoon is revealed, by using overlapped spectral analysis and filter methods. It is shown that the obliquity cycle and precession cycle are the key factors for the Southwest Monsoon evolution and that the change of the global ice volume and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau also impose great influences on it.     

蚕室温湿度的调控措施

养蚕季节气候差异大，而温湿度变化直接影响着蚕的生长发育。春蚕和晚秋蚕期气温低，不能满足蚕生长发育所需的温度，而夏秋蚕期常出现高温高湿和干旱的饲养环境，对蚕体的生长发育极为不利。在高温环境下，当温度超过30％时，蚕体内大多数酶的活性降低，蚕体变弱，抗病力下降。如再加高湿，蚕体水分散发困难，体温升高，不利于蚕的生长发育，而有利于多种真菌滋生，引起僵病发生。     

立冬养生保健

冬天马上就要到了,虽然今年立冬时间为11月7号,但是,在我国北方地区,早就已经进入冬季了,那么,立冬要如何养生呢？